Human memory Flashcards
what are recovered memories?
The reappearance in consciousness of memories for past events after a period during which these memories were not accessible
what are the 3 requirements for something to be a recovered memory?
- have some way of knowing the event happened
- reality of forgetting - need to know it was forgotten
- reality of recovery
what is false memory syndrome?
The systematic creation of memories for events which never in fact occurred.
On a recall test what is the probability of recalling an item that WAS on the list (Roediger & McDermott (1995))
Overall 65% probability of recalling an item that was on the list.
On a recall test what is the probability of recalling an item that WAS NOT on the list (Roediger & McDermott (1995))
mean overall probability of 40% of recalling a critical item that was not on the list.
what is a recognition test?
ask each participants if a word was on a list and answer yes or no. You add new items as distractors. For example false alarms which are items that weren’t actually on the list.
what was the mean hit rate in Roediger & McDermott (1995) recognition test?
Mean hit rate (response 3 or 4) for the items that were on the list was 86%.
what was the mean false alarm rate in Roediger & McDermott (1995) recognition test?
Mean false alarm rate (response 3 or 4) for critical items not on the list was 84%.
what is the probability of recalling a critical item on a list with a longer list of 16 items?
55%
what is a remember item? (Tulving, 1985)
items are those where participants have a vivid memory for the actual presentation of the item
what is a know item (Tulving, 1985)
Know items are those where participants are sure that they were on the list but don’t actually have a memory for the moment of the hearing the word
what other stimuli did Dechtrrtnko et al., (2021) find the false memories to work for?
pictures
what 3 key questions did Freyd & Gleaves raise about false memories and the DRM paradigm?
- Are words presented in a list really events?
- If false memories for Childhood Sexual Abuse are not close associates of things that actually happened, how is DRM relevant?
- Can we generalise from artificial laboratory studies to meaningful events in the real world?
how many participants are in the “Lost in a shopping mall” - Loftus & Pickrell (1995) false for real memories study?
24 students and their parent or older sibling.
what is the method of the “Lost in a shopping mall” - Loftus & Pickrell (1995) false for real memories study?
Four short stories about events from the student’s childhood provided by the parent or older sibling. Three of the stories are true, the fourth is a fabricated account of being lost for an extended period in a mall or large department store at about the age of 5. Parents/siblings confirm that no such event actually occurred.
