Human Growth and Development Flashcards
Who is the Father of Psychoanalysis?
Sigmund Freud.
Who did Sigmund Freud befriend, and co-author a book based on “the talking cure”?
Joseph Breuer.
Who is Anna O?
The patient which Joseph Breuer used hypnosis on, and discovered that talk therapy decreases symptoms of hysteria.
Who is Jean-Martin Charcot?
Renowned French neurologist who Freud studied hypnosis under, after he left Breuer.
What is free association?
The method which Freud used in psychoanalysis, where he had patients say whatever came to mind. By analyzing this info, Freud believed that he find the root of trauma responsible for the client’s suffering.
By what age, approximately, did Freud believe that personality was established?
6 years old.
What “zones” of the body were Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Development named for?
Erogenous Zones.
Name Freud’s five Stages of Psychosexual Development.
Oral Stage, Anal Stage, Phallic Stage, Latency Stage and Genital Stage.
What is the term that describes being stuck in any of Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development?
Fixation.
Describe the behavior of a person who’s fixated at the Freud’s Oral Stage, and name the erogenous zone.
An orally fixated/preoccupied person might become a nail-biter, smoker, drinker or over-eater. The erogenous zone is the mouth.
Describe the behavior of someone who is fixated at Freud’s Second Stage of Psychosexual Development, and name the erogenous zone associated with this stage.
The erogenous zone of the 2nd Psychosexual stage is the anus. If parents were too lenient with potty training the child might be “anal-expulsive,”; destructive, wasteful and messy. If the potty training was forced or too strict, this would lead to an “anal-retentive” personality; obsessed with perfection, control and cleanliness.
Describe the Phallic Stage of Psychosexual Development.
This is the 3rd stage of development, which covers ages 3-6 years old. The erogenous zone is the genitals. The Oedipus and Electra Complexes occur now. Fixation leads to sexual deviance, confused/and or weakened sexual identity.
Name the fourth stage of Psychosexual Development, the erogenous zone and behavior of fixation. This is a trick question.
The 4th stage is Latency. This is the calm before the storm. Sexual urges are suppressed and energy is directed toward social interaction and intellectual abilities. Kids mostly play with same-sex peers; no sexual dev’t or fixation occurs.
Describe the last Stage of Psychosexual Development.
Puberty-adulthood. Sexual urges reawaken, and are directed to the opposite sex. If stage is successful, person becomes well-adjusted and pleasure is focused on genitalia. If fixated, sexual perversions result.
What are some criticisms of Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development?
- The focus was almost entirely on males.
- He didn’t study behavior of children, but rather what he was told about kids of his adult patients.
- Due to delay between so-called “cause” of childhood and “effect” of adults, theory is too hard to measure.
Describe Freud’s Structural Theory of Personality.
The mind has 3 components. The Id, Ego and Superego. The Id is present at birth and only focus is pleasure and immediate gratification. The Superego deals with morality, values and ideals. The Ego is based on reality and is the executive administrator of personality.
This part of the mind, according to Freud, is the reality principle, and comes to consider other people’s feelings needs and desires, and realizes that selfish impulsive behavior can cause harm?
The Ego.
At what age and stage does the Superego develop?
The Superego develops near the end of the Phallic Stage, around 5 years old.
Describe Freud’s Topographical Theory/Conception of the Human Psyche.
This is represented by an iceberg. The tip above the water is the Conscious. The middle strip is the Preconscious (which has the Superego) and the deepest, largest part is the Unconscious. The Id develops in the Unconscious.
Where in the Psyche/Topographical Theory is the Ego located? This is a trick question.
There is no fixed place in the iceberg for the Ego. It can be found in either of the 3 places.
List what can be found in each area of Freud’s Iceberg.
The Conscious level houses thoughts and perceptions. The Preconscious houses memories and stored knowledge. The Unconscious has fears, unacceptable sexual desires, violent motives, irrational wishes, shameful experiences, selfish needs and immoral urges.
Who created the field of Child Psychoanalysis?
Anna Freud.
Who wrote the book, ‘The Ego and Mechanisms of Defense’ in 1936?
Anna Freud.
What are Ego Defense Mechanisms?
They are tools the ego uses when dealing with conflicts between the Id and Superego. They are a result of the drive to reduce tension and ease anxiety caused by the conflict between Id and Superego.