Groups

Question 1

Prior to the 1960’s, most counseling took place one-on-one between the therapist and client. This is a ______relationship?

Answer 1

In a dyadic relationship, meaning a pair. The counselor and the counselee.

Question 2

Define Dyadic and Didactic.

Answer 2

Dyadic refers to a pair, and didactic means to teach.

Question 3

Name 3 components of a group.

Answer 3

1. Membership which can be defined
2. Some degree of unity and interaction.
3. A shared purpose.

Question 4

Who coined the term ‘Group Therapy’?

Answer 4

Jacob Moreno, the Father of Psychodrama.

Question 5

What is Psychodrama?

Answer 5

Jacob Moreno’s concept of the client expressing spontaneous feelings via role-playing. These techniques are appropriate for family therapy as well as group work.

Question 6

This man, considered the Father of gestalt therapy, didn’t coin the term ‘group therapy’ but is considered a major figure in the history of group therapy.

Answer 6

Fritz Perls.

Question 7

This man, a physician from Boston, formed what might well be the first counseling/therapy group between 1905 and 1923. The group dealt with tuberculosis.

Answer 7

Joseph H. Pratt.

Question 8

In the 1940’s these two organizations for group therapy were created.

Answer 8

The American Society for Group Psychotherapy and Psychodrama; the American Group Psychotherapy Association.

Question 9

Which theorist’s work has been classified as a preface to the group movement?

Answer 9

Adler.

Question 10

The three classifications for groups are…?

Answer 10

1. Primary
2. Secondary
3. Tertiary.

Question 11

What does a primary group focus on?

Answer 11

A primary group stresses a healthy lifestyle or coping strategies which can reduce the occurrence of a given difficulty. Example: a group that teaches birth control to prevent teen pregnancy.

Question 12

What does a secondary group focus on?

Answer 12

In a secondary group, a problem or disturbance is present but not usually severe. The secondary group works to reduce the severity or length of a problem and generally includes aspects of prevention. Example: dealing with grief or shyness.

Question 13

What does a tertiary group focus on?

Answer 13

A tertiary group usually deals more with the individual difficulties that are more serious and longstanding.

Question 14

Who the American Group Psychotherapy Association?

Answer 14

S. R. Slavson.

Question 15

A preventative group that attempts to ward off a problem such as drug addiction or something medical like AIDS would likely be this type of group?

Answer 15

A Primary group. Nearly all guidance and psychoeducational groups fit into this category.

Question 16

This group is preventive and remediative. The title implies that there’s a physical or psychological disturbance already. It’s goal is to shorten the duration of the disturbance. Groups for rape victims, or hospital patients with depression would fit into ___________groups.

Answer 16

Secondary.

Question 17

List 2 benefits of groups.

Answer 17

1. You can really study behavior in a social context.

2. Riskier methods can be tried in vivo.

Question 18

List 2 risks of groups.

Answer 18

1. Less time is spent on the individual.

2. There’s no way to guarantee confidentiality.

Question 19

In individual counseling, the words “therapy” and “counseling are used synonymously. In groups, counseling focuses on what 3 things?

Answer 19

1. Growth
2. Prevention
3. Enhancement of self-awareness.

Question 20

In groups, what are the focus/major concentration of a therapy group?

Answer 20

1. Remediation
2. Personality reconstruction
3. Usually have a longer duration
4. Much more likely to focus on unconscious material like childhood and family of origin issues.

Question 21

During which international event did group therapy emerge?

Answer 21

During WWI, because there were a shortage of counselors.

Question 22

In addition to Adler’s work with families in the 1920’s which theorist, who was a humanist, helped during the beginnings of the group movement?

Answer 22

Carl Rogers.

Question 23

Which German created field theory and National Training Labs (NTL) in order to study group dynamics?

Answer 23

Kurt Lewin.

Question 24

What category of groups focus on a central issue, like Weightwatchers or AA. Self-help and support groups fall under this category.

Answer 24

Structured groups.

Question 25

What groups stress the skills desired in business or organizations, such as leadership and decision making, and the focus is on group process, not personal growth?

Answer 25

T groups.

Question 26

Which groups exist to aid health to normal individuals, and help them to deal with normal life transitions?

Answer 26

Personal Growth Groups.

Question 27

What’s the ideal number for a group, for adult, and children.

Answer 27

For adults, 8.

For children, 3 or 4.

Question 28

List the ideal lengths for adult, teenage and children’s groups.

Answer 28

1. Adults 90 minutes.

2. Teenagers and children 30-40 minutes, and meet more frequently if necessary.

Question 29

The ACA (American Counseling Association) and the Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW) stress this practice of selecting group members.

Answer 29

Screening.

Question 30

The ASGW advises to have a pre-interview for prospective group members to ensure what 2 things?

Answer 30

1. That the prospective member will have his needs met.

2. To see if the person is appropriate.

Question 31

Which group specialist stresses group cohesiveness as the primary factor when selecting group members?

Answer 31

Irvin Yalom.

Question 32

According to Yalom, this personality trait is most important in a candidate for a group.

Answer 32

The ability to trust.

Question 33

Research points to three major reasons for group termination. What are they?

Answer 33

1. High denial
2. Low motivation
3. Low intelligence

Question 34

This group format allows new members to join throughout the life of the group.

Answer 34

Open group format.

Question 35

This group format doesn’t allow new members after the initial members have joined.

Answer 35

Closed group format.

Question 36

Group members who are high in conformity are often high in what trait?

Answer 36

Authoritarianism.

Question 37

What is the least important thing when picking a client for a group?

Answer 37

Their past experience in groups.

Question 38

What is meant by proxemics?

Answer 38

How closely group leaders sit with group members.

Question 39

What does research say about how group members choose to next to?

Answer 39

Group members tend to sit with people who are in the same ethnic, socioeconomic, and style of dress in groups

Question 40

What tenet of groups is described as understanding that we’re not the only one in the world dealing with a particular issue?

Answer 40

Universality/mutuality.

Question 41

This type of group leader focuses on the interaction between members. An example is ‘Bob always responds out of his critical parent whenever Anne speaks to him out of her inner child.’

Answer 41

Process leader.

Question 42

This type of leader focuses on an outcome, result or behavior. An example would be ‘Sam knows he’s accomplished a goal when he sleeps with less women.’

Answer 42

Product leader.

Question 43

Name the three main Leadership Styles of group leaders.

Answer 43

1. Authoritarian
2. Democratic
3. Laissez Faire

Question 44

Other leadership roles include the charismatic leader, confrontational leader and the speculative leader. Describe the speculative leadership role.

Answer 44

Speculative leadership, like the confrontational leader, focuses on the here and now. He focuses on his own behavior and that of the members. They are often charismatic and less peer oriented than confrontational leaders.

Question 45

Name a pro and con of cofacilitation.

Answer 45

1. Pro, it cuts down on burnout.

2. Con, group cofacilitators can have lack of respect or feel the other is incompetent.

Question 46

What training does the ASGW suggest a group leader should have before running a group?

Answer 46

Group leaders should take a group leadership course, and it should be supplemented with between 10-20 hours of supervision.

Question 47

Describe Gerald Corey’s stance on requirements for group leaders before they lead groups.

Answer 47

Corey believes that group leaders should be group members before they run groups.

Question 48

What term describes having the necessary information before joining a group?

Answer 48

Informed consent.

Question 49

Informed consent should include a number of things. Name three.

Answer 49

1. Cost of the group.
2. The risks involved in joining.
3. Credentials of the person running the group.

Question 50

Group ______ are the parameters of acceptable behavior. These can be written or unwritten.

Answer 50

Group Norms.

Question 51

These are the terms that the group leader lays down during the initial group meeting.

Answer 51

Ground rules.

Question 52

What is the study or body of knowledge of how groups operate? Group cohesiveness, structure and norms fall under this.

Answer 52

Group Dynamics

Question 53

What major issue is very important in groups, but according to research is a common weakness?

Answer 53

Goal setting.

Question 54

Explain the Risky Shift Phenomenon.

Answer 54

Group decisions are generally riskier than that of the individual.

Question 55

Explain Group Polarization

Answer 55

Group members exaggerate their initial stance on a topic. As a result, the group as a whole has a more extreme position.

Question 56

This type of group sometimes has exercises prescribed by the group leader. Assertiveness training and stress management groups fall under this category.

Answer 56

Structured groups.

Question 57

This is the strength of the bonding processes, or lack of it during groups.

Answer 57

Group cohesiveness/unity.

Question 58

Describe the group role of the scapegoat.

Answer 58

The scapegoat is the one in the group who everyone else dumps on.

Question 59

This person non-assertively goes along with everything and everyone in the group.

Answer 59

The follower.

Question 60

This group member likes to make sure everyone is doing their job in the group. This person may consciously or unconsciously want to usurp the group leader.

Answer 60

The Gate Keeper.

Question 61

This person likes to make everyone happy and have things run smooth.

Answer 61

The Harmonizer/Conciliator.

Question 62

This negative role acts silly and jokes about everything.

Answer 62

The Joker.

Question 63

This role talks all the time, hogs attention and tells stories that are often irrelevant.

Answer 63

The Story Teller.

Question 64

This negative role gets little attention and is often scared to share, and referred to as “the silent one”.

Answer 64

The Social Isolate

Question 65

Group roles usually fall under these three main categories.

Answer 65

1. Task roles (information givers, clarifiers, summarizers)
2. Maintenance Roles (The observer, The Conciliator, The Follower and the Encourager)
3. Self Service/individual Roles. (blockers, non-participators, dominators, monopolizers and critics).

Question 66

What is role conflict?

Answer 66

When a group member’s expected behavior and actual behavior don’t coincide.

Question 67

Name the basic stages in group dev’t.

Answer 67

1.