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Human Geography > Human Geography Unit 6 > Flashcards

Human Geography Unit 6 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is the most common job in LDCs?

A

Farmers

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1
Q

What type of job is agriculture?

A

Primary

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2
Q

What is any plant that humans have cared for?

A

A crop

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3
Q

How did hunters and gatherers obtain their food?

A

Hunting animals and gathering wild plants

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4
Q

True or false: Hunters and gatherers were the most common before agriculture became a common practice.

A

True

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5
Q

What region was the first to domesticate animals and use them to cultivate crops?

A

Southwest Asia

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6
Q

When do scientists think that Southwest Asia started domesticating plants?

A

~10,000 years ago

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7
Q

About how long ago did Latin America begin practicing agriculture?

A

4,000-5,000 years ago

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8
Q

True or false: Agriculture is thought at have developed after the end of the last Ice Age.

A

True

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9
Q

What form of agriculture is most common in MDCs? LDCs?

A

MDCs- Commercial

LDCs- Subsistence

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10
Q

What five characteristics distinguish the two forms of agriculture from each other?

A
  • Purpose of farming
  • Percentage of farmers in the labor force
  • Use of machinery
  • Farm size
  • Relationship of farming to other businesses
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11
Q

What is prime agricultural land?

A

The most productive farmland

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12
Q

What is the system of commercial farming found in many MDCs called?

A

Agribusiness

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13
Q

What is shifting cultivation?

A

A form of farming in which farmers grow crops on a cleared field for a few years after cutting all crops that are there and setting them on fire. They only use the land for a few years before leaving it fallow for many years.

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14
Q

What is another name for shifting cultivation

A

Slash-and-burn agriculture

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15
Q

What is a swidden?

A

The cleared area used for slash-and-burn agriculture

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16
Q

True or false: Shifting cultivation is becoming increasingly popular.

A

False

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17
Q

What is pastoral nomadism?

A

A form of subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals

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18
Q

What are some common species used by pastoral nomads?

A
  • Camels
  • Sheep
  • Goats
  • Horses
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19
Q

What is the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pasture areas?

A

Transhumance

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20
Q

What is a pasture?

A

An area grown for grazing animals

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21
Q

True or false: Pastoral nomadism is becoming increasingly popular.

A

False

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22
Q

What biome is pastoral nomadism commonly found in?

A

Desert

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23
Q

What is intensive subsistence agriculture?

A

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers produce a large amount of food to feed many people

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24
Q

What does the term wet rice mean?

A

Planting rice on a dry land in a nursery then moving the seedlings to a flooded field to speed up growth

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25
Q

What is a sawah/paddy?

A

The flooded field used in wet rice

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26
Q

What is the process of gaining two harvest from one field called?

A

Double cropping

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27
Q

What is crop rotation?

A

The process of using different fields to get more than one harvest a year

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28
Q

What is a plantation?

A

A large farm that specializes in one or two crops

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29
Q

What is one main crop that is produced during mixed crop and livestock farming?

A

Cereal grains

30
Q

What are some forms of cereal grains?

A
  • Oats
  • Wheat
  • Rye
  • Barley
31
Q

What is one problem that is constantly encountered when dealing with livestock in agriculture?

A

Livestock needs constant care and attention.

32
Q

What is the dairy farm that forms a ring around an urban area called?

A

A milkshed

33
Q

What is the purpose of a milkshed?

A

To transport milk quickly where it will not spoil.

34
Q

What is grain?

A

The seed from various grasses such as wheat, corn, oats, barley, rice, and millet

35
Q

What is ranching?

A

The commercial grazing of livestock over an extensive area

36
Q

What is horticulture?

A

A form of agriculture common in Mediterranean agriculture that consists of growing fruits, vegetables, and flowers

37
Q

What is truck farming?

A

Bartering or the exchange of goods for raw materials

38
Q

What makes up the Von Thünen model?

A

A city in the center surrounded by rings of different forms of agriculture

39
Q

How can overproduction in commercial farming be a bad thing?

A

It drives down the price and demand of goods.

40
Q

What is sustainable agriculture?

A

An agricultural practice that preserves and enhances environmental quality

41
Q

What is ridge tillage?

A

An element of sustainable agriculture that protects soil by planting seeds on ridge tops

42
Q

True or false: Sustainable agriculture encourages the use of genetically engineered foods.

A

False

43
Q

How does the rapid growth of populations impact subsistence farmers?

A

Subsistence farmers have to produce more food which gives the land that they use less time to rest

44
Q

How do subsistence farmers pay off debts that form from purchasing modern agricultural machines?

A

Producing extra things that they can sell in MDCs

45
Q

How do laws against drug possession harm subsistence farmers?

A

Many farmers rely on drug crops for income

46
Q

What are four ways to increase the food supply?

A
  • Expanding the land area used for agriculture
  • Increasing new productivity of land currently used for agriculture
  • Identifying new food sources
  • Increasing exports from other countries
47
Q

What is the green revolution?

A

A movement to increase agricultural productivity

48
Q

What does it mean to increase a food’s palatability?

A

Increase its consumption in a specific area

49
Q

What is a maquiladora?

A

A manufacturing plant in Mexico that assembles materials from the United States then ships the final product back to America to be sold

50
Q

What was the main form of industry before the Industrial Revolution in which people manufactured items in their home called?

A

The cottage industry

51
Q

What was the Industrial Revolution?

A

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

52
Q

What are situation factors?

A

Factors that deal with transporting materials to and from a factory

53
Q

Why is it important for a bulk-reducing industry to be close to their source of raw materials?

A

It makes it cheaper to transport goods from the source to the factory.

54
Q

What is a single-market manufacturer?

A

A manufacturer that generally has only one customer

55
Q

What are two main examples of perishable products?

A

Food and newspapers

56
Q

What is the cheapest method of transporting goods long distances?

A

By ship

57
Q

What is the break-of-bulk point?

A

The point where a certain form of transportation becomes possible

58
Q

What is a site factor?

A

The unique characteristics of a location.

59
Q

What are the three main site factors?

A
  • Labor
  • Land
  • Capital
60
Q

What is a labor-intensive industry?

A

An industry that requires lots of physical labor

61
Q

True or false: The textile industry is labor-intensive.

A

True

62
Q

What is the opposite of a labor-intensive industry?

A

A capital-intensive industry

63
Q

True or false: The textile industry is becoming increasingly labor-intensive.

A

False

64
Q

Why did factories relocate away from cities?

A

Land was much cheaper in rural and suburban areas.

65
Q

How does access to capital impact the success of a business?

A

Most businesses need loans to start and run their business

66
Q

What are right-to-work laws?

A

Laws that prevent workers from joining unions

67
Q

True or false: The United States is currently losing jobs in manufacturing.

A

True

68
Q

Why does Europe encourage relocation of factories?

A

Western Europe has a much higher concentration of factories than the other parts, limiting jobs in some areas.

69
Q

What does the phrase “new international division of labor” mean?

A

Many companies move low-skill jobs to LDCs and keep high-skill jobs in MDCs.

70
Q

What is outsourcing?

A

The process of giving independent suppliers lots of responsibility in manufacturing a product

71
Q

What is the difference between a Fordist approach and a post-Fordist approach?

A

Fordist- based on mass production

post-Fordist- based on flexible production and lots of rights given to employees

72
Q

What is a pro and con to just-in-time delivery?

A

Pro- products needed arrive daily if not hourly

Con- slowed greatly by extreme weather and labor strikes

Human Geography (5 decks)

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