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Human Geography > Human Geography Unit 5 > Flashcards

Human Geography Unit 5 Flashcards

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0
Q

What is a state?

A

An area organized into a political unit with a government and control in foreign affairs that also has sovereignty

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1
Q

What does political geography help explain?

A

Factors that lead to political unrest

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2
Q

What is sovereignty?

A

Independence when dealing with internal affairs

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3
Q

When were North Korea and South Korea divided into two separate governments?

A

After WWII

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4
Q

Why did South Korea decide not to unify with North Korea in the early 2000’s?

A

North Korea pursued development of a nuclear weapon when their citizens were suffering

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5
Q

Why did Taiwan form?

A

Nationalist in the late 1940’s, who had just lost the civil war against the communists, fled to present-day Taiwan off of the Chinese coast

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6
Q

True or false: China believes that Taiwan is under their control while most other countries recognize it as a sovereign nation.

A

True

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7
Q

What country claims control over the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (Western Sahara)?

A

Morocco

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8
Q

True or false: Most African countries view Western Sahara as property of Morocco.

A

False

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9
Q

True or false: Parts of Antarctica are claimed by many different states. Many other states do not recognize these claims.

A

True

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10
Q

What did the Antarctic Treaty permit and ban?

A

The agreement allowed research stations to be built and scientific experiments and research to be conducted; it also banned all military activity in the area

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11
Q

What are microstates?

A

States with little land area

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12
Q

True or false: Most microstates are islands.

A

True

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13
Q

What are city-states? In what ancient civilization were they common?

A

City-states are sovereign states that have a town and surrounding countryside that were commonly found in ancient Mesopotamia

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14
Q

After the Roman Empire collapsed, it formed into many different a._________ that were controlled by competing b._________, c._________, d._________, and other e._________

A 
a- estates
b- kings
c- dukes
d- barons
e- nobles
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15
Q

What is a colony?

A

A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state and is not completely independent

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16
Q

What is colonialism?

A

The effort of one country to heavily influence another country with its customs and culture

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17
Q

What is imperialism?

A

Control of a territory that is already independent

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18
Q

What is currently the most populated colony?

A

Puerto Rico

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19
Q

What is a boundary?

A

An imaginary line that divides a territory

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20
Q

What are the five basic shapes of states?

A

Fragmented, compact,prorupted, perforated, and elongated

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21
Q

What is a compact state?

A

A state with the capital in the center and the boundaries relatively equal around it

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22
Q

What is an elongated state? Give an example.

A

A state with a long and narrow shape. Ex: Malawi, Chile, Italy, Gambia

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23
Q

What is a prorupted state? Give an example.

A

A compact state with an extension. Ex: Congo, Namibia

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24
Q

What is a perforated state? Give an example.

A

A state that completely surrounds another. Ex: South Africa (Lesotho), Italy (Vatican City)

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25
Q

What is a fragmented state? Give an example.

A

A state that has multiple completely separate territories. Ex: Equatorial Guinea, Indonesia, Angola, Russia

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26
Q

What is a landlocked state?

A

A state that does not have direct contact to a sea, whether it be by a river that empties into it or a direct border of an ocean body

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27
Q

What are the two types of boundaries?

A

Cultural and physical

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28
Q

What are the types of physical boundaries?

A

Mountains, deserts, and water bodies

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29
Q

What are the types of cultural boundaries?

A

Geometric (straight line), language, and religious

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30
Q

What is Cyprus’s “Green Line” boundary?

A

Cyprus is composed of Greek and Turkish nationalities; the population is mostly Greek but Cyprus is closer to Turkey. There was a dispute between government power, so a wall was built between the nationalities

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31
Q

What is a frontier?

A

An area with no complete political control

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32
Q

What is the difference between unitary and federal states?

A

Unitary- mostly powered by central government

Federal- promotes smaller government power

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33
Q

What are two examples of states that are changing from unitary governments to federal?

A

Poland and France

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34
Q

What is gerrymandering?

A

Dividing boundaries to give a certain group political power

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35
Q

What is the United Nations? How many countries does it contain?

A

The most important global organization that was created at the end of WWII. It consists of 192 countries

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36
Q

What were the two “superpowers” during the Cold War Era?

A

US and the Soviet Union

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37
Q

What happens during a balance of power?

A

Opposing alliances are equal

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38
Q

What were the two main European military alliances after WWII? What views did these alliances have?

A

The democratic NATO and the Communist Warsaw Pact

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39
Q

What are four other regional organizations?

A

OSCE (Organization on Security and Cooperation in Europe), AU (African Union), OAS (Organization of American States),and the Commonwealth

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40
Q

True or false: The most important elements of state power are increasingly economic rather than military.

A

True

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41
Q

What is Western Europe’s most important economic organization?

A

The European Union

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42
Q

What was the European Union primarily founded for?

A

Recover from WWII damage

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43
Q

What is currently the main task of the European Union?

A

Promote development through economic cooperation

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44
Q

How many members of the European Union were there when it was first founded? How many are there now?

A

Started with 6, now 27

45
Q

What group is currently the leading cause of terrorism in America?

A

Al-Qaeda

46
Q

Who founded Al-Qaeda? How was he able to do this?

A

Osama bin Laden, whose father became very rich after founding a successful construction company

47
Q

What did Libya do that showed their support for terrorism? What is their view on terrorism now?

A

Libya supported a nightclub attack in 1986, killing 3. They also planted bombs on a flight over Scotland that killed 270. They no longer sponsor terrorism

48
Q

What group led the government in Afghanistan in the late 1990’s? Why did America attack them in 2001?

A

The Taliban sheltered Osama bin Laden

49
Q

True or false: The US attack on the Taliban in 2001 ended their power.

A

True

50
Q

What caused the Gulf War?

A

Iran was occupying Kuwait

51
Q

Who was president of Iraq during the Gulf War? Was he removed during the war?

A

Saddam Hussein, who was not removed from power until after the Gulf War

52
Q

What country did Iran fight from 1980-1988? Why?

A

Iraq for control of the Shatt al-Arab waterway

53
Q

Who was Ayatollah Ruholiah Khomeini? What did he do in 1979 that built tension?

A

The Islamic leader of Iran who rewrote the constitution so that he would remain powerful

54
Q

True or false: Iran’s relationship with America deteriorated after they were accused of sheltering al-Qaeda members and began to pursue a nuclear weapon.

A

True

55
Q

True or false: Pakistan is over 80% Punjab.

A

False (about 45%)

56
Q

What does Pakistan’s location have to do with its involvement in terrorism?

A

The wars taking place in the Middle East often spill into Pakistan

57
Q

What does HDI stand for? What does it measure?

A

Human Development Index; recognizes development in a country

58
Q

What are the three types of indicators in development?

A

Economic, social, and demographic

59
Q

What does GDP stand for? What does it measure?

A

Gross domestic product; the value of products and services produced in a country (typically measured annually)

60
Q

What are three types of jobs? Briefly describe each.

A

Primary- items produced directly from Earth
Secondary- manufacturing
Tertiary- Selling goods for a profit

61
Q

What is productivity?

A

The measure of profit after labor costs are factored in

62
Q

What is the equation for value added?

A

Gross value - cost of materials

63
Q

What two things do consumer goods improve?

A

Travel and communication

64
Q

What are two factors that measure a country’s educational system?

A

Literacy rate and teacher to student ratio

65
Q

True or false: Although LDC’s are generally poor, they spend more money on health and welfare than MDC’s.

A

False

66
Q

What demographic factors is accounted for when calculating HDI?

A

Life expectancy

67
Q

What three “rates” also help distinguish an MDC from an LDC?

A

Infant mortality, natural increase, and crude birth

68
Q

What two factors lowered America’s HDI?

A

Education and life expectancy

69
Q

What country has the highest percentage of tertiary jobs?

A

America

70
Q

What country has the highest HDI?

A

Norway

71
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of North America?

A

0.95

72
Q

True or false: Western Europe is much more economically stable than Eastern Europe.

A

True

73
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of Europe?

A

0.93

74
Q

Why did Russia’s unemployment rate grow after the Soviet Union dissolved?

A

They converted to a market economy which caused many businesses that were able to stay open under Communist rule to close

75
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of Russia?

A

0.73

76
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of Japan?

A

0.96

77
Q

True or false: Japan’s HDI suffered as a result of it’s poor education.

A

False

78
Q

How is Japan able to manufacture goods at an extremely low price?

A

Many people are willing to work for low wages

79
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of Oceania?

A

0.90

80
Q

What two Oceanic countries are the most economically stable?

A

Australia and New Zealand

81
Q

What industry is causing Australia to become more important in the global economy?

A

Mining

82
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of Latin America?

A

0.82

83
Q

True or false: Latin America has a high concentration of people living along the South Atlantic coast, resulting in a large variation of development.

A

True

84
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of East Asia?

A

0.77

85
Q

True or false: China’s economy is growing stronger.

A

False

86
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of Southwest Asia and North Africa?

A

0.73

87
Q

What causes slowed progress in Southwest Asia and North Africa?

A

Islamic practices often interrupt work and cultural disputes and wars

88
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of Southeast Asia?

A

0.73

89
Q

What island in Indonesia is the most fertile?

A

Java

90
Q

True or false: Southeast Asia generally has fertile soil and good farming land.

A

False

91
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of Central Asia?

A

0.70

92
Q

Why is the HDI especially high in Iran and Kazakhstan?

A

High levels of oil and petroleum

93
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of South Asia?

A

0.61

94
Q

What slows agriculture in South Asia?

A

They have a seasonal rain cycle that only takes up one third of the year

95
Q

What is the cumulative HDI of Sub-Saharan Africa?

A

0.51

96
Q

What industry is the most common in Sub-Saharan Africa?

A

Mining

97
Q

What are GDI and GEM?

A

GDI (Gender-Related Development Index)- Compares gender development using the same factors as HDI
GEM (Gender-Related Empowerment Index)- Compares rights using economic and social factors

98
Q

True or false: Women and men are generally closer to equals in MDC’s as opposed to LDC’s.

A

True

99
Q

What are the two forms of development that LDC’s use?

A

International trade and self-sufficiency

100
Q

What are the elements of the self-sufficiency approach to development?

A

Every part of the economy gets an equal amount of money; promotes local businesses as opposed to large chains.

101
Q

What problems arose from the self-sufficiency approach?

A

Many people often used the black market and businesses were rarely able to improve

102
Q

What are the 5 steps of Rostow’s development model?

A
  1. The traditional society
  2. Preconditions for takeoff
  3. Takeoff
  4. The drive to maturity
  5. The age of mass consumption
103
Q

How did the Arabian Peninsula get money to fund large-scale projects?

A

Revenue from petroleum

104
Q

How were the four Asian dragons able to become economically successful if they had poor farmland?

A

Manufacturing

105
Q

What were the benefits of international trade?

A

Better quality, reduced monopolies, and lower importing taxes

106
Q

What does the World Trade Organization do?

A

Popularize world trade

107
Q

What is an FDI (Foreign Direct Investment)?

A

An investment from one country to another

108
Q

What are the two major lenders to LDC’s?

A

The Word Bank and IMF

109
Q

True or false: The IMF supports international trade.

A

True

110
Q

How do Policy Framework Papers help LDC’s attain their economic goals?

A

Providing a structural adjustment program the includes economic tips and tricks

111
Q

What does a company that promotes fair trade do?

A

Promotes small businesses in LDC’s

Human Geography (5 decks)

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