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Human Geography > Human Geography Unit 4 > Flashcards

Human Geography Unit 4 Flashcards

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0
Q

Why is there often tension between religions?

A
  • Religion is a key component of culture
  • Religion often impacts landscape so interfering religions means interfering landscape
  • Migrants usually keep their religion wherever they go
  • Most religions do not allow people to participate in another religion
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1
Q

What is the difference between a universalizing and ethnic religion?

A

Universalizing - Appeal to the highest amount of people

Ethnic - Appeals to primarily one group of people

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2
Q

What are some examples of universalizing religions?

A 
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Sikhism
Bahá'í
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3
Q

What are all universalizing religions divided into?

A

Branches denominations and sects

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4
Q

T or F: The United States and many other countries take an official count of religious practice.

A

False

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5
Q

What are the three major branches of Christianity?

A

Roman Catholic
Protestant
Orthodox

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6
Q

What religion has the most followers?

A

Christianity

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7
Q

T or F: The Western Hemisphere is nearly 90% Christian. 5% practice another religion while 6% are not religious.

A

True

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8
Q

What two countries in NE Africa have Christian churches?

A

Ethiopia and Egypt

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9
Q

What branch of Christianity are most people in Utah?

A

Latter-Day Saints or Mormon

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10
Q

About how many people are Muslims?

A

1.3 billion

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11
Q

What are the two main branches of Islam? Which is the most popular?

A

Sunnis and Shiites. Sunnis are more popular with 83% of the Muslim population.

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12
Q

What is the trend of the Muslim population in North America?

A

Growing

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13
Q

What is the third biggest universalizing religion?

A

Buddhism

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14
Q

What are the three main branches of Buddhism?

A

Mahayana, Theravada, and Tantrayana

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15
Q

About how many Sikhs are there? Bahá’ís?

A

Sikhs - 23 million

Bahá’ís - 7 million

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16
Q

What is the largest ethnic religion?

A

Hinduism

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17
Q

Why is Hinduism an ethnic religion if it is the third largest religion in the world?

A

97% of Hindus live in India and most of the others are in Nepal.

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18
Q

T or F: Hinduism has a specific way to be practiced with little variation.

A

False

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19
Q

What Hindu god has the most followers? What is this manifestation called?

A

Vishnu; Vaishnavism

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20
Q

What are four other ethnic religions?

A

Confucianism, Daoism, Shintoism, and Judaism

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21
Q

Who founded Daoism?

A

Lao-Zi, a follower of Confucius

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22
Q

What religion does Japan mostly adhere to?

A

Shintoism

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23
Q

What two countries contain the most Jews?

A

US and Israel

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24
Q

T or F: Judaism was the first recorded religion to practice monotheism, the belief in one god.

A

True

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25
Q

What are the ethnic religions that 12% of African follow called?

A

Animism

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26
Q

Why is the animist population declining?

A

Introduction to universalizing religions

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27
Q

Who founded Christianity?

A

Jesus

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28
Q

What made Roman Catholicism, Orthodoxy, and Protestantism different?

A

RC- believes in Church hierarchy
Orthodox- rejected RC doctrines
Protestant- originated during reformation; based on 95 theses

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29
Q

Who founded Islam? Why was he so special?

A

Muhammad was believed to be a prophet of god.

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30
Q

Who founded Buddhism?

A

Siddhartha Guatama AKA Buddha

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31
Q

Who founded Sikhism?

A

Guru Nanak

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32
Q

Where was Bahá’í founded? Who were its first members?

A

Iran; people who opposed Shiites.

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33
Q

T or F: Hinduism does not have a specific founder.

A

True

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34
Q

What are people who spread universalizing religions?

A

Missionaries

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35
Q

What is the name given to people who follow a polytheistic religion?

A

Pagan

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36
Q

What caused Islam to spread?

A

Muslim armies conquered many areas.

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37
Q

What caused Buddhism to spread?

A

The emperor of the Magadhan Empire, Asoka, became a Buddhist.

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38
Q

What caused Bahá’í to spread?

A

When a temple was built on every continent.

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39
Q

What has mostly caused the lack of diffusion of ethnic religions?

A

The merging of ethnic religions with universalizing religions.

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40
Q

Why is Judaism an exception to the trend of the lack of spread of ethnic religions?

A

Judaism is practiced in a lot of different countries

41
Q

What is a pilgrimage?

A

A journey to a sacred place for a religion

42
Q

What places are considered holy to Buddhists?

A

Shrines

43
Q

What place is considered the most holy to Muslims?

A

The city of Makkah

44
Q

What is the holiest place in Sikhism?

A

The Darbar Sahib AKA Golden Temple

45
Q

T or F: Hindu holy places are organized into a hierarchy.

A

True

46
Q

What is cosmogony?

A

The belief about the origin of the universe.

47
Q

Why is an ethnic calendar different than a universalizing calendar?

A

Ethnic calendars celebrate seasons.

48
Q

What kind of calendar do Muslims and Bahá’ís use?

A

Lunar calendar

49
Q

T or F: The date of Easter varies each year but all Christians celebrate it on the same day.

A

False

50
Q

What are the places of worship for Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists and Shintoists, and Bahá’ís?

A 
Ch- Churches
Mus- Mosques
Hind- Temples
Bud and Shin- Pagodas
Bahá'í- Houses of Worship
51
Q

What are the two main ways that the dead are disposed of?

A

Burial and cremation.

52
Q

What is a hierarchical religion? What are some examples?

A

An area divided into units based on a religion; Latter-Day Saints and Roman Catholicism

53
Q

What is an autonomous religion? What are some examples?

A

Self-sufficient; Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, and Judaism

54
Q

Who were the Taliban? What did they oppose?

A

The Taliban governed Afghanistan starting in 1996 and ending in 2001. They opposed everything non-Islamic.

55
Q

What is the caste system in Hinduism? What is the trend in popularity?

A

The classes defined by hereditary order. Its popularity is going down.

56
Q

What did the Soviet Government make national property in 1918?

A

Church buildings

57
Q

What event damaged Buddhism?

A

Vietnam War

58
Q

What is fundamentalism?

A

An enforcement of religious principles

59
Q

What branch of Christianity is mainly practiced in NE Eire (Ireland)?

A

Protestantism

60
Q

Why is Jerusalem sometimes considered impossible to settle?

A

Parts of it are considered holy to multiple religions.

61
Q

What two areas makeup the Palestine?

A

The West Bank and Gaza

62
Q

Why did Israel create such a complex wall to isolate itself?

A

They wanted to keep out Palestinian suicide bombers

63
Q

What is the difference between ethnicity and race?

A

Ethnicity is based on cultural traditions while race deals with biological ancestors.

64
Q

Where are Asian-Americans clustered in the United States? Hispanic-American? African-American? American Indian?

A

As-A - Western US and Hawaii
Hispanic - SW America
Afr-A - SE America
Am In - Alaska, W US, and Plains region

65
Q

What were the three stages of African-American migration? When were they?

A 
1st= forced in the 18th century for trade
2nd= to the north during the World Wars
3rd= immigration to dense ghettos in big cities
66
Q

What was the triangular slave trade?

A

A pattern of slave trade between Africa, Europe, and North America

67
Q

What is a sharecropper?

A

A farmer who pays rent in crops

68
Q

What is racism?

A

The belief that race makes people better than others.

69
Q

What was wrong with the Separate but Equal doctrine?

A

African-Americans would normally get lower-level equipment that the whites did not want.

70
Q

What was the white flight?

A

When segregation laws were banned and many whites left neighborhoods with African-Americans.

71
Q

What is apartheid?

A

The physical separation of races

72
Q

Where was apartheid commonly practiced in Africa?

A

South Africa

73
Q

What is a nation-state?

A

A state that has one dominant nationality

74
Q

What is self-determination?

A

The idea that ethnicities can govern themselves.

75
Q

Why is Denmark not a perfect nation-state?

A

10% of the population is not Danish

76
Q

How did Germany become a nation-state?

A

Prussia unified many areas by force and the Nazis claimed all German-speakers German.

77
Q

What is nationalism?

A

Loyalty to one nationality.

78
Q

What is a centripetal force? What is an example of this?

A

An attitude that adds support for a state by unifying people

79
Q

What is the difference between a multiethnic state and a multinational state?

A

Me state- different ethnicities, same nationality

Mn state- different nationalities and ethnicities

80
Q

How many countries were once part of the Former Soviet Union? What were they?

A

15
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russia, Tajikstan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan

81
Q

What groups were the former Soviet Union countries divided into?

A

Baltic, European, Central Asian, Caucasus, and Russia

82
Q

What is now the largest multinational state?

A

Russia with 39 nationalities

83
Q

T or F: Communists discouraged ethnic identity.

A

True

84
Q

What country used to belong to Ethiopia? When did they become independent?

A

Eritrea in 1991

85
Q

What part of Sudan is now independent?

A

South Sudan

86
Q

What country is allied with East Sudan’s rebellion?

A

Eritrea

87
Q

Why is Somalia so divided?

A

It has many different ethnic “clans” that took over when the government collapsed.

88
Q

What are the two main religions in Lebanon?

A

Islam (60%) and Christian (39%)

89
Q

Who were the Kurds? What countries are they most often found in?

A

People located south of Armenia who were divided into Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria before they should have become independent.

90
Q

What is East Pakistan more commonly known as?

A

Bangladesh

91
Q

What countries divided Pakistan?

A

Britain

92
Q

What are the two main ethnicities found in Sri Lanka?

A

Sinhalese and Tamil

93
Q

What religion and ethnicity dominates Sri Lanka?

A

Buddhism Sinhalese

94
Q

Where was Yugoslavia located?

A

The Balkan Peninsula

95
Q

Why was Yugoslavia created?

A

To unite all Balkan ethnicities.

96
Q

What countries used to make up Yugoslavia?

A

Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Slovenia, and Kosovo

97
Q

What former Yugoslavian countries underwent ethnic cleansing?

A

Kosovo and Bosnia

98
Q

What does it mean when a state is Balkanized?

A

A small area that is unable to be unified.

99
Q

What is the main source of ethnic cleansing in Central Africa?

A

The Hutus killing many Tutsis.

100
Q

What country went to war as a result of the fight between the Hutus and Tutsis?

A

Democratic Republic of the Congo

101
Q

How is ethnic cleansing documented?

A

Photos from birds-eye view

Human Geography (5 decks)

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