Human Geography Flashcards
Individual or group adopts some of the traits of another culture
Acculturation
New idea that a culture accepts
Innovation
Connections around the world increase and cultures become more alike
Globalization
All features of people’s way of life, passed down form generation to generation
Culture
Human population that share a common culture or ancestry
Ethnic groups
People believe strictly in following certain established principles or teachings
Fundamentalism
Activities and behavior that people often take part in
Culture traits
Seek followers all over the world
Universalizing regions
Belief in presence of spirits in forces of nature
Animistic
An idea or innovation spreads to other from one person or group to another and is adopted
Diffusion
Following long time practices and opposing modern technologies or ideas
Traditionalism
Belief in one god
Monotheistic
Belief in many gods
Polytheistic
Process by which manufacturing based on machine power becomes wide spread in area
Industrialization
Different cultures blending together
Cultural convergence
People freely choose what to sell
Market Economy
Lets competition among businesses determine the price of products, this drives this business makers decisions
Free enterprise
Businesses, industries, and resources are privately owned
Capitalism
Gov decides what to produce, where to produce, where to make it, and what price to charge
Command Economy
Focus on ethnic group
Ethnic religion
Ecomonic and political system in which the gov owns or control almost all the means of production
Communism
Percent of people who can read or write
Literacy rate
Only goods and services created within a country
Number divided people in country
Gross Domestic Product
Less productive economically, lower standards of living
Developing country
High levels of industrialization and high standard of living
Developed country
System of roads,ports, and other facilities needed by a modern economy
Infrastructure
Use natural resources directly
Primary
Use raw materials to produce or manufacture something nww
Secondary
Provide services to people and businesses
Tertiary
Process and distribute info
Quaternary
Statistical study of human populations
Demography
Average number of people living in one area
Population density
Number of births each year for every 1,000 people living in a place
Birthrate
The total number of deaths each year for every 1000 people
Deathrate
Process of moving from one place to another
Migration
People who leave a country to live somewhere else
Emigrants
People who come to a country from somewhere else
Immigrants
Citizens have power, representatives
Republic democracy
Process of cultures becoming separate and distinct
Cultural divergence
Causes people to leave a location
Push factor
Growth in proportion of people living in towns and cities
Urbanization
Attracts people to a new location
Pull factor
People who have been forced to leave a cannot return to their home
Refugee
Deaths-births
Natural increase
Ruling family (queen or king)
Monarchy
Rule by religious laws\leaders
Theocracy
Individual has total control, power by force
Dictatorship
Total control by people (in theory)
Communism
All power is concentrated by leader/leaders
Authoritarian
More extreme version of authoritarianism, control over all aspects of life (N.Korea)
Totalitarianism
Farmers grow crops to sell to customers. Specialize in growing crops that other people want to buy and they can sell a profit
Market-oriented agriculture
Grow plants and tame animals for own use
Domestication
What are considered the two most important developments in human history?
Raising animals and grow crops
What are 4 factors that help determine cities locations
- Location near key resources
- Location along transportation
- Location along trade routes
- Location easily defended sites
Cities grow into huge urban areas
World city
Why do you birthrates drop
Farming in rural areas advance with education and turn into urban and secondary and tertiary areas
Dominated by large stores, offices, and buildings
Central Business District
Problems caused from artificial boundaries
Separating people and natural resources or putting two different ethnic groups in the same country (conflict over power)
Clusters of large buildings away from CBD
Edge cities
Food is produced by a family for its own needs. Anything extra, usually very little, may be sold for important supplies
Subsistence agriculture
Secondary
Industry
Supply and demand
Bigger demand= bigger size
Smaller demand= smaller size
Primary
Hunting and gathering, subsistence farming, and commercial farming
Natural versus artificial boundaries
Natural means they are naturally made
Ex: carved around rivers and mountains
Artificial means drawn in
Per capita
Per person
Why do you death rates drop?
Improvement in healthcare, water systems improve, and more food. Basically better infrastructure.
Tertiary
Services
Quaternary
Management, and research and development
Developed vs developing countries
Developed countries have market oriented agriculture and are urbanized while developing countries are subsistence agriculture and rural
Demographic model
1- amazon rainforest 2- developing 3- middle income 4- developed 5- super developed
brain gain
an increase in the number of highly trained, foreign-born professionals entering a country to work
brain drain
a loss of trained professionals to another company or country
multi-national corporations
organization that owns or controls production of goods and services in one or more countries.
