Human Genetics and Development Flashcards
How many Pairs of Chromosomes do humans have
23 pairs
Sex Chromosomes
Sex chromosome from father determines assigned sex at birth
Epigenetics
Environment can interact with and modify genes
Eg: exposure to teratogens during pregnancy can create genetic defects
Niche Selection
People with particular genetic predispositions will seek out certain environments
Eg: athletic individuals seek out sports-friendly spaces
First Impressions
Genetic traits influence how others treat children and adults
Biopsychosocial Model
Heredity(genetics) and Environment
Phenotype
Observable characteristics and behaviours
Genotype
Specific chromosome mutation
Hundreds of genes can contribute to autism traits
Autism
Usually caused by interactions between polygenic (multiple genes) and epigenetic factors
Aneuploidy
Abnormal number of chromosomes
Eg: Doxim fox/dog hybrid (76 chromosomes)
Non-traditional genetic paths
Trisomy, Monosomy, Polyploidy, Duplications/deletions and small alterations (copy number variants)
Down Syndrome
Trisomy 21
Developmental delays, distinctive facial features, risk of cardiac defects at birth and Alzheimers disease in adulthood
Other Trisomy
Most children born alive with trisomy other than Down syndrome have trisomy 13 or 18
Other Trisomy Cont’d
High prenatal and infant mortality with trisomy 13/18
Mosaic trisomy occurs when only some cells in the body have the trisomy
Tend to have full-range of emotions unless co-morbid condition (lack of oxygen at birth)
Triploidy/Tetraploidy
Triploidy is 3 copies of every chromosome (69)
Tetraploidy is 92 chromosomes
Long-term survival is rare
