Human Genetics

Question 1

Karyotype

Answer 1

Picture of 23 homoglous pairs, numbered in size order

Question 2

autosomes

Answer 2

pairs 1-22

Question 3

sex chromosomes

Answer 3

23rd pair (male - XY)(Female - XX)

Question 4

Amniocentesis

Answer 4

Test performed on the fetus to determine if it has chromosomal mutations

Question 5

Nondisjunction

Answer 5

Chromosomes not separating during meiosis

Question 6

Gene mutations

Answer 6

Any change in the normal sequence of bases

Question 7

Gene mutation effects

Answer 7

Wrong protein or no protein may result

Question 8

chromosomal mutations

Answer 8

extra or missing chromosomes or pieces of chromosomes.

Often fetal

Many genes are affected

Question 9

Down syndrome

Answer 9

extra 21st chromosome

Question 10

stickle cell Anemia

Answer 10

Red blood cells are different shape

Recessive allele

Question 11

PKU

Answer 11

Recessive disorder

Lacks amino acid that breaks down amino acid phenalainine

Tested for at birth

build up causes mental disorder

Question 12

Tay Sachs

Answer 12

Recessive disorder

Lack of enzyme to break down certain type of fat

usually dies by the age of 4

Question 13

Location of sex linked traits

Answer 13

X chromosome

Question 14

gender more prone to sex linked disorders

Answer 14

males (only have one X)

can’t be carriers (have it or not)

Question 15

DNA fingerprinting uses

Answer 15

Criminal cases, determination of parenthood, etc

Question 16

DNA fingerprinting/gel eletrophereisis

Answer 16

1.) DNA is extracted from a cell
2.) restriction enzyme breaks DNA into smaller molecules
3.) DNA segments go into wells in the gel
4.) positive electric current gets added into gell
5.) smaller DNA fragments move towards positive and larger stays more to the negative

Question 17

Selective breeding

Answer 17

controlling the reproduction of organisms/plants/fruits

Question 18

Inbreeding

Answer 18

Stimulating reproduction within a species to get wanted traits only

Question 19

Hybridization

Answer 19

crossing different species to get the best traits of both

Question 20

Causing mutations

Answer 20

use of chemicals to increase variation by mutation

Question 21

Genetic engineering

Answer 21

When DNA is altered or changed artificially

Question 22

Polyploidy

Answer 22

Prevents meiosis of fruit so both sperm and egg are diploid to create larger fruit

Question 23

Recombinant DNA result

Answer 23

Allows for bacteria to make proteins such as insulin

Question 24

Recombinant DNA process

Answer 24

Enzymes cut the human donors DNA where the protein of interest is located and the bacteria’s plasmid is cut so sticky ends (protein of interest) will fit in. Then bacteria reproduces asexually with the protein of interest.

Question 25

Transgenic Plants and Animals

Answer 25

Insertion of genes from other species to make survival of organism easier.

Question 26

Cloning

Answer 26

Donor nucleus is combined with an egg cell (egg cell has no nucleus). Fetus preforms rapid mitosis, then finally gets planted in foster organism to deliver the clone.