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Living Environment > evolution > Flashcards

evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Theory

A

Well supported and testable explanation of something that has occurred in the world

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2
Q

Evolution

A

The process b which ancient organisms change to make modern and more complex organisms

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3
Q

Geologic time

A

the billions of years of earths history

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4
Q

Fossil record

A

Collection of fossils that explain the history of organisms on earth

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5
Q

Relative dating

A

Age of fossils is determined by comparing the placement and other fossils in other layers

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6
Q

Radioactive dating

A

use of half lives to date a sample

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7
Q

Early forms of life

A

Single celled simple organisms sported by fossils

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8
Q

modern life

A

multicellular complex organisms

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9
Q

Jean Baptiste Lamark

A

French naturalist
published theory in 1809

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10
Q

Inheritance of Acquired characteristics

A

Post birth changes that can be inherited by offspring
Lamarck’s theory

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11
Q

Use & Dispute

A

If a structure was used more then it became stronger but if you didnt use it it became weaker or disappear (Lamarck’s theory)

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12
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Born Feb 12 1809
Collected plant and animal species and sent them back to London

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13
Q

Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection

A

The environment of a spicie gives some organisms an advantage due to their traits leading them to be able to reproduce and survive (doesn’t change genetic makeup)

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14
Q

Long term effects of natural selection

A

More organisms with beneficial/desirable traits
Less organisms with non desirable traits
spices is “evolving”

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15
Q

Conditions for natural selection

A

Overpopulation - More organisms will be born than environment can handle

Competition - struggle for food, water, and existence

Variation - Some organisms will have different traits due to mutations

Adaptive value - Some traits will be superior

Fitness - ability for an organism to survive and reproduce in it environment

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16
Q

Spices

A

Organisms that can mate and produce offsprings (DNA makeup must be similar)

17
Q

Darwin’s finches

A

Color and shape of beak differed as vegetation changed on the island.

18
Q

Desirable traits

A

Speed - ability to escape prey
Camouflage - Abilty to hide from prey
Break shape - Ability to get food
Size of leaves - Ability to do more photosynthesis
Ability to store water

19
Q

Modern day theory of evolution

A

A combination of knowledge of genetics and Darwin’s theory of natural selection

20
Q

Tree of evolution

A

Common ancestors to all

All spices on one branch share much in comments genetically

More modern day species

21
Q

Gradualism

A

Change is slow over a long period of time

Common ancestor

Intermediate forms

22
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

Changes are rapid in a short period of time and nothing for a long period of time

Few intermediate forms

23
Q

Evidence supporting evolution

A

Fossils

Homologous structures

Vestigial structures

Embryology

Biochemical similarities

24
Q

Fossils

A

Remains of living things
found in rock layers

25
Q

Homologous structures

A

Parts of an organisms with similar shape. Different comment ancester

26
Q

Vestigial Structures

A

Have no effect on survival but aren’t removed

27
Q

Embryology

A

Study of embryos. Supports common ancestor theory

28
Q

Biochemicals similarities

A

Similar DNA and protein

29
Q

Sources of varieation

A

Sexual reproduction - 2 gametes combine
Crossing over - Exchange of genes during meiosis
Mutations- Change of DNA

30
Q

Structural

A

Physical variations that allow for organisms to survive

31
Q

Functional

A

Genetic variations that help an organism to survive

32
Q

Behavioral

A

Behaviors or appearance based variations that help an organism

33
Q

Geographical isolation

A

Mountains or geological formations that splits a spices into two populations.
New species

34
Q

Rate of evolution

A

Organisms with shorter life spans will evolve faster

35
Q

Extinction

A

The entire spices cannot survive in the environment
Adaptive characteristics no long help survival

Living Environment (6 decks)

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