evolution Flashcards

1
Q

Theory

A

Well supported and testable explanation of something that has occurred in the world

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2
Q

Evolution

A

The process b which ancient organisms change to make modern and more complex organisms

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3
Q

Geologic time

A

the billions of years of earths history

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4
Q

Fossil record

A

Collection of fossils that explain the history of organisms on earth

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5
Q

Relative dating

A

Age of fossils is determined by comparing the placement and other fossils in other layers

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6
Q

Radioactive dating

A

use of half lives to date a sample

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7
Q

Early forms of life

A

Single celled simple organisms sported by fossils

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8
Q

modern life

A

multicellular complex organisms

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9
Q

Jean Baptiste Lamark

A

French naturalist
published theory in 1809

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10
Q

Inheritance of Acquired characteristics

A

Post birth changes that can be inherited by offspring
Lamarck’s theory

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11
Q

Use & Dispute

A

If a structure was used more then it became stronger but if you didnt use it it became weaker or disappear (Lamarck’s theory)

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12
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Born Feb 12 1809
Collected plant and animal species and sent them back to London

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13
Q

Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection

A

The environment of a spicie gives some organisms an advantage due to their traits leading them to be able to reproduce and survive (doesn’t change genetic makeup)

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14
Q

Long term effects of natural selection

A

More organisms with beneficial/desirable traits
Less organisms with non desirable traits
spices is “evolving”

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15
Q

Conditions for natural selection

A

Overpopulation - More organisms will be born than environment can handle

Competition - struggle for food, water, and existence

Variation - Some organisms will have different traits due to mutations

Adaptive value - Some traits will be superior

Fitness - ability for an organism to survive and reproduce in it environment

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16
Q

Spices

A

Organisms that can mate and produce offsprings (DNA makeup must be similar)

17
Q

Darwin’s finches

A

Color and shape of beak differed as vegetation changed on the island.

18
Q

Desirable traits

A

Speed - ability to escape prey
Camouflage - Abilty to hide from prey
Break shape - Ability to get food
Size of leaves - Ability to do more photosynthesis
Ability to store water

19
Q

Modern day theory of evolution

A

A combination of knowledge of genetics and Darwin’s theory of natural selection

20
Q

Tree of evolution

A

Common ancestors to all

All spices on one branch share much in comments genetically

More modern day species

21
Q

Gradualism

A

Change is slow over a long period of time

Common ancestor

Intermediate forms

22
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

Changes are rapid in a short period of time and nothing for a long period of time

Few intermediate forms

23
Q

Evidence supporting evolution

A

Fossils

Homologous structures

Vestigial structures

Embryology

Biochemical similarities

24
Q

Fossils

A

Remains of living things
found in rock layers

25
Homologous structures
Parts of an organisms with similar shape. Different comment ancester
26
Vestigial Structures
Have no effect on survival but aren't removed
27
Embryology
Study of embryos. Supports common ancestor theory
28
Biochemicals similarities
Similar DNA and protein
29
Sources of varieation
Sexual reproduction - 2 gametes combine Crossing over - Exchange of genes during meiosis Mutations- Change of DNA
30
Structural
Physical variations that allow for organisms to survive
31
Functional
Genetic variations that help an organism to survive
32
Behavioral
Behaviors or appearance based variations that help an organism
33
Geographical isolation
Mountains or geological formations that splits a spices into two populations. New species
34
Rate of evolution
Organisms with shorter life spans will evolve faster
35
Extinction
The entire spices cannot survive in the environment Adaptive characteristics no long help survival