Human Factors Methods Flashcards
Naturalistic observation
- check in with subjects
- involve participants
- multiple realities (study as a whole to determine trends)
Ethical issues
- beneficence (protection from harm)
- justice in selection of subjects
- providing clear instructions
Dependent variables (experimental)
- sensitivity
- reaction time
- error rate
- physiological
- EEG
Consideration with subjects
- representative of target population (or general population)
- randomization
- allow time to rest (fatigue)
- intrusiveness
- experience (test round)
- learning
Improve reliability
- replication
- randomization of subjects and conditions
Improve validity
- inter-rater reliability
3 elements of situational awareness
- ability to perceive each element in situation
- ability to evaluate and understand the information on a more global level
- ability to project the understanding of the situation into the future
dependent variables (questionnaires)
- open/close ended questionnaires
- response bias
- SAGAT (SA)
- SWAT and NASA-TLX (Mental workload)
Models for dynamic environments
- lens
- rule-based
- WDA, CTA
Other models
- CPM-GOMS
- ACT-R
- physiological model
- microworlds
Validity issues for VPA
- verbalizing makes participants uncomfortable
- use alternative methods that are easier to explain
2 ways to increase validity for VPA
- modeling
- ask them clarifying questions
Observation studies
- VPA
- CDM
- field studies
Validity issues for CDM
- researcher might bias
- based on memory
Validity issues for field studies
- biased observations
Options for field studies
- exploratory or focused
- videos, notes
- statistics, general analysis
Issues with archival data
- accuracy of reports (incomplete)
- based on memories
- certain sampling of data
Considerations for experimental design
- ind/dep
- between/w-in
- randomize (or purposive sampling)
- avoid confounding
- control group
- hypothesis
Coherence
logic/math
Correspondence
applicability
nomotheitic
trends over sets
ideographic
data on an individual