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Instrument Rating > Human Factors > Flashcards

Human Factors Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypoxic hypoxia? What causes it?

A

Insufficient oxygen at PRESSURE (high altitude) available in lungs.

HELIOS AIRLINES!!!

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2
Q

What is anemic hypoxia? What causes it?

A

A lack of blood to carry oxygen to the lungs; you LACK blood.

Anemic = no blood!

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3
Q

What is histotoxic hypoxia? What causes it?

A

Unable to carry oxygen caused by a toxin like carbon monoxide.

Histotoxic = toxic poison!

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4
Q

What is stagnant hypoxia?

A

Blood and oxygen is prevented from MOVING throughout the body.

Stagnant = staying still!

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5
Q

How can you overcome disorientation?

A
  1. Restrict head movements
  2. Fly straight and level
  3. Use cockpit resources
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6
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

The rate at which we breathe is NOT regulated by the amount of oxygen in the lungs, but the amount of carbon dioxide in the lungs.

Hyperventilation will NOT increase the oxygen in the lungs, but it will push out the carbon dioxide. However it constricts blood vessels & stops blood flow to brain.

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7
Q

What does hypoxia and hyperventilation have in common?

A

Both cause a reduction of oxygen delivery to the brain.

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8
Q

What are symptoms of hyperventilation?

A

Lightheadedness, numbness around mouth, tingling of fingers.

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9
Q

What are the sensory illusions?

A
  • Kinesthetic illusions (muscle-bone-joint base)
  • Visual illusions (eyes)
  • Vestibular illusions (ears)
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10
Q

What is a kinesthetic illusion?

A

This is when a pilot in IMC conditions is flying by the “feeling” of the plane, which is VERY dangerous. (SUBCONSCIOUS FLYING)

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11
Q

What is a visual illusion?

A

2 types: central vision illusions and peripheral illusions.

Central illusions: misunderstanding in what we see; or an expectation
(runway illusions, false horizon, autokinesis)

Peripheral illusions: false impressions of surrounding conditions; much like kinesthetic illusions.
(black-hole effect, pitch up illusion, vectional illusion)

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12
Q

What is a vestibular illusion?

A

A false sense due to fluid moving in the ear canal (VESTIBULAR = ear system)

Acceleration & deceleration illusion, false sense of turning)

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13
Q

What are the three main potential IFR threats?

A
  • CFIT
  • Runway incursions
  • Landing accidents
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14
Q

How can you avoid CFIT?

A

Continually monitoring a flight’s progress by referring to various charts, know the MEA’s & MOCA’s, and know where the aircraft is and where its going AT ALL TIMES.

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15
Q

What are the cornerstones of CRM?

A
  • Communication
  • Crew Performance
  • Decision-making
  • Situational awareness
  • Workload management
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16
Q

What happens to the airspeed indicator when you have a blocked pitot tube?

A

Increase in a climb, decrease in a descent.

Most erroneous, blocked pitot tube is the weird one. Acts like an altimeter!

ALSO happens if the pitot drain hole becomes blocked!

17
Q

What happens to the airspeed indicator when you have a blocked static port?

A

Decrease in a climb, increase in a descent.

18
Q

If the pitot tube and the drain hole is blocked, what happens to the airspeed indicator?

A

Increase in a climb, decrease in a descent. (SAME AS ALTIMETER).

19
Q

Improper seat height could lead to:

A

Result in an undetected UNDERSHOOT during an approach.

20
Q

Black hole effect results in an illusion of:

A

Being too high, thus flying the approach too low.

21
Q

Useful conciseness at 10,000ft:

A

Hours.

22
Q

Useful conciseness at 18,000ft:

A

20 minutes.

23
Q

Useful conciseness at 20,000ft:

A

5 to 12 minutes.

24
Q

Useful conciseness at 25,000ft:

A

3 to 5 minutes.

25
Q

Useful conciseness at 30,000ft:

A

1 to 2 minutes.

26
Q

Rain on windshield will give an illusion of:

A

Illusion: being too high

Result: Flying too low an approach

27
Q

Haze on final approach will give the illusion of:

A

Illusion: Being at a greater distance from the runway

Result: Tendency to fly low to make up for it

28
Q

Turning downwind to upwind flight will give an illusion of:

A

Illusion: Decreased airspeed

Result: Tendency to increase power

29
Q

What is autokinesis?

A

Fixation on a single point, leading to disorientation.

30
Q

What is a somatogravic illusion?

A

Acceleration illusion

Instrument Rating (5 decks)

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