Air Law & Procedures Flashcards
Flight experience requirements for Instrument rating:
- 50hrs PIC cross-country
- 40hrs instrument
- Max 20 in sim
- At least 15hrs with IFR instructor
- One dual cross-country under simulated OR actual IMC of at least 100NM
- With approaches at two different locations on an IFR flight plan
Validity of INRAT:
Valid for 24 months following flight test.
Recency of INRAT:
After 12 months after a flight test, the 6-month rule becomes active. Within 6 months following an IFR flight, you must complete:
- 6hrs instrument time
- 6hrs approaches to minimums
- Can be conducted in aircraft or with an approved FTD instructor
What does the Designated Airspace Handbook provide?
The horizontal and vertical limits of airspace and their respective classifications.
Also provides procedures for operation of an aircraft in an airspace.
What are the high level airspaces?
Southern Control Area (SCA)
Northern Control Area (NCA)
Arctic Control Area (ACA)
What is the Southern Control Area?
it is 18,000’ ASL and above and all air traffic is controlled.
What is the Northern Control Area?
It is FL230 and above, which is controlled. Class G airspace exists between 18,000’ MSL and below FL230.
What is the Arctic Control Area?
It is FL270 and above, class G airspace exists between 18,000’ MSL and below FL270.
What are control zones?
Controlled airspace extending from the surface of the earth to 3000’ AAE unless otherwise specified with a radius of 5 NM.
Control zones within TCA have a 7 NM radius and military aerodromes have a 10 NM radius
Control Zones are class B, C, D, or E airspace.
What are control area extensions?
Controlled airspace of defined dimensions within the Low Level Airspace extending upwards from 2200’ AGL unless otherwise specified.
Is used to separate IFR departures and arrivals
What is a transition area?
Normally based at 700’ AGL extending to the base of the overlying controlled airspace with a radius of 15NM.
Requirements for use of an aerodrome at night:
Fixed steady WHITE lights to mark take-off and landing areas. fixed red lights to mark unserviceable areas and the windsock must be lighted.
VHF airways vertical profile dimensions:
- Base at 2,200’ AGL up to 17,999’ ASL
- From 12,500’ to 18,000’ in B class airspace
VHF airway segment VOR to VOR:
- 4NM either side of centreline
- 50.8NM
- 4 1/2 degrees
ALWAYS “NM” not “SM”
VHF airway segment VOR to NDB:
- 4.34NM either side of centreline
- 49.66NM
- 5 degrees
Low frequency airways (LF/MF) dimensions:
- 4.34NM either side of centreline
- 49.66NM
- 5 degrees
Low-level air routes dimensions:
Surface up to but not including 18,000’; UNCONTROLLED.
Low-Level Air root; from the ground!
To whom are low-level airspaces designated to?
En-route traffic.
What are the aeronautical information publications?
- Canada Air pilot
- Canada Flight Supplement
- Waterdrome Supplement
- A.I.P. Canada\
CAP, CFS, WDS, AIP
What is a NOTAMR?
A replacing NOTAM.
What is a NOTAMC?
A cancelling NOTAM.
What is a NOTAMJ?
RSC/CFRI NOTAM.
What is a NOTAMQ?
A query/response NOTAM.
When intercepted, you should:
- Follow instructions from visual signals
- Notify appropriate air traffic services
- Establish radio contact to interceptor on 121.5
- Select mode A Code 7700 on transponder
The vertical dimensions of the ADIZ are from:
Surface to FL600.
Low-level airways dimensions:
2,200’ AGL up to but no including 18,000’ ASL
What is a sterile cockpit?
Focusing strictly on flying the aircraft with no unnecessary conversation.
What is high level airspace?
All airspace from 18,000 feet ASL and above.
What is low level airspace?
Is airspace up to but not including 18,000 feet ASL.
When may an aircraft exceed the speed limit order?
- Operated within a special flight operations certificate
- Where the minimum safe speed for the flight configuration is above speed limit
What is the lowest “useable” flight level when the altimeter is 29.92” or higher?
FL180.
What is the lowest “useable” flight level when the altimeter is 29.91” to 28.92”?
FL190.
What is the lowest “useable” flight level when the altimeter is 28.91” to 27.92”?
FL200.
What are the requirements to enter class B airspace?
- 2-way radio
- Appropriate navigation equipment
- Transponder and automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment
- IFR or CVFR flight plan
- ATC Clearance
Position reports may be required!
What are the requirements to enter class C airspace?
- 2-way radio
- Appropriate navigation equipment
- Transponder and automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment
- Clearance from ATC
What are the requirements to enter class D airspace?
- 2-way radio
- Appropriate navigation equipment
- Transponder and automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment
- Clearance from ATC
Only difference from class C airspace is that traffic separation is only given to IFR aircraft!
What does class D airspace become when an ATC unit is not in operation?
Class E.
What does class C airspace become when an ATC unit is not in operation?
Class E.
What are the requirements to enter class E airspace?
- IFR and/or VFR operation is permitted however separation is only provided to IFR aircraft
- Aircraft are required to be equipped with a transponder and automatic pressure altitude equipment to operate in Class E airspace that is specified as transponder airspace
May IFR traffic fly through advisory airspace?
No, unless they have specific approval from the operator of the airspace.
May IFR traffic fly through class F airspace?
No, unless they have obtained permission from the user agency to enter the airspace, or:
- The aircraft is operating on an Altitude Reservation Approval (ALTRV APVL)
OR - The aircraft has been cleared for a contact or visual approach
What are the transponder airspaces?
Any A, B or C airspace and designated D and E airspace.
Includes all Class E airspace extending upwards from 10,000’ ASL up to and including 12,500’ ASL within radar coverage
What shall you squawk in Low Level Controlled Airspace?
With mode A and C, squawk 1000.
What shall you squawk in High Level Controlled Airspace?
Mode A and C and squawking code 2000.
What is an Airport Control Service?
Is provided by airport control towers to aircraft and vehicles on the maneuvering area of an airport and to aircraft operating in the vicinity of the airport.
What is an Area Control Service?
Is provided by ACC’s (area control centres) to IFR and CVFR flights operating within specified control areas.
What is a Terminal Control Service?
Is additional service provided by IFR units (ACC’s) to VFR aircraft operating within Class C airspace.
Toronto Terminal; talks with CVFR and IFR in controlled airspace.
What is alerting service?
Notified appropriate organizations regarding aircraft in need of Search and Rescue Services, or alerts crash equipment, ambulances, doctors, and any other safety services.
Notifies SAR!
What is an altitude reservation service?
Coordinates with ACC’s in providing reserved altitude for specified air operations in controlled and uncontrolled airspace.
ACC allows you to reserve altitude in controlled and uncontrolled airspace.
What is an Aircraft Movement Information Service?
Is provided by ACC’s of aircraft movement information for use by air defense units relative to flights operating into or within the Canadian ADIZ.
“aircraft movement, roll em’ out!” - Military
What do flight service stations provide?
- Navigation aids monitoring service
- NOTAM service
- PIREPs
- Fixed telecommunication service
- Domestic paid air-ground message service (DPAG)
What is a Domestic Paid Air-Ground Message Service?
FSS relays Flight Regulatory Messages between aircraft and the aircraft operating agency and vice versa when subscribed to by the agency for an annual cost.
When should you call for IFR clearance?
IFR aircraft should call no sooner than 5 minutes before engine start
The call should be directed to “Clearance Delivery”.
When shall you pick up IFR clearance on clearance delivery frequency?
IFR clearances should not be obtained more than:
10 min before taxi or 5 min before engine start.
When may an ATC unit clear you for an approach upon departure?
- No other traffic is expected
- Estimated en route time is less than 25 minutes
- Distance between airports is 75NM or less
When can a SID be cancelled?
When reaching the last/termination fix or if ATC explicitly says “SID cancelled”
Where can noise abatement be found?
- CAP gen
- AIP RAC 7.6.3
What is the standard takeoff minima (visibility)?
1/2 statue mile (RVR 2600).
With an RVR departure, when is it not possible to use the reported RVR?
When RVR is fluctuation above and below takeoff minimums.
Then you shall refer to the reported visibility.
Then it becomes either PIC or ATC discretion.
What is the hierarchy for departures AND arrivals minima’s regarding a controlled aerodrome?
- Reported RVR shall be used
- Reported ground visibility (METAR, etc.)
- Tower observation
- Pilot observation
How can you tell localized phenomena is occurring at an aerodrome?
When the RVR is reading less than the reported ground visibility.
In terms of departure procedures, what does it ensure?
- Aircraft will cross at least 35ft above departure end of runway
- Climb on runway heading to 400’ AAE before turning
- Maintain a climb gradient of at least 200’ per NM throughout climb to minimum altitude for en route operations
35ft, 400’ AAE, 200’ per NM
Wat is BPOC?
Before Proceeding On Course
How can you depart off a runway where it has not been assessed for IFR operations?
- Experience with the airfield (local)
- Follow VFR navigation charts
- Climb visual to minimum IFR altitude (based on category [A,B,C,D] )
- Fly an approach backwards
Gradient calculations:
Groundspeed ÷ 60 = NM / min
ft / min ÷ NM / min = CLIMB GRADIENT
What is SPEC VIS regarding a departure?
Climb visual, with SPECified VISibility.
SPEC VIS procedures will tell you how high you need to climb while remaining visual. This does NOT include a gradient requirement.
Visibility is dependent on aircraft category (based on speed).
What speed and visibility are category A aircraft?
Up to 90kts and includes all rotary aircraft.
SPEC VIS: 1SM
What speed and SPEC VIS are category B aircraft?
91kts to 120kts.
SPEC VIS: 1 1/2 SM
What speed and SPEC VIS are category C aircraft?
121kts to 140kts
SPEC VIS: 2SM
What speed and SPEC VIS are category D aircraft?
141kts to 165kts
SPEC VIS: 2 SM
What are all SPEC VIS minimums regarding category A, B, C, and D aircraft?
1
1 1/2
2
2
What speed and SPEC VIS are category D aircraft?
above 165kts.
SPEC VIS: 2 SM
What are the speed intervals in regards to aircraft categories?
91 to 120
121 to 140
141 to 165
165 to ∞
When do you have to report to ATC about any true airspeed changes in cruise?
If the TAS changes by more than 5% or if mach number changes by 0.01 or more.
What is the MOCA clearance above terrain in non-mountainous regions?
1,000ft.
What is the MOCA clearance above terrain in mountain regions 2, 3 and 4?
1,500ft.