Human Evolution Summary Tables Flashcards
location and date range of australopithecines
east africa
3.8-3mya
location and date range of paranthropus
South and East africa
2.6-1.2 mya
location and date range of habilis
South and East africa
2.8-1.5 mya
location and date range of ergastur
africa + europe
1.8-0.5mya
location and date range of erectus
africa + asia
1.6-0.2mya
location and date range of heidelbergensis
africa, asia europe
800-200kya
location and date range of neanderthal
europe middle east
400- 350 kya
location and date range of sapiens
pandemic (african origin)
200kya-
which species showed largest male/female dimorphism
australo (height 105 to 150)
CC austrolopith
400-450
CC paranth
500
CC habilis
700
CC egaster
850-1000
CC erectus
840-1000
CC heidelbergensis
1200-1300
CC neander
1200- 1600
CC sapiens
1250-1400
Features of erectine skull
- Robust
- Thick boned
- Oval shaped when viewed from back
- Angular vault
- Cranial suprastructures
• Supraoribtal torus (brow ridge)
• Occiptal torus (horizontal ridge)= pointed back - No chin
Features of human skull
- Torus slightly reduced
- Derived feature: higher, rounded skull, higher cranial vault
- Limited development of brow ridges
o Outjutting of bones= chin (sapiens)
Features of neanderthal skull
- Large muscular bodies (adapt to cold
- Large + long skulls
- More pronounced Ridges (supraoribtal torus)
- Occipital bun (dorsal end of skull)
Features of neanderthal skull compared to sapiens
• Large brain case
• Sloped vault
o Humans different= have forehead (upward vault)
• No chins
• Large front teeth
• Bony structure around nose= more surface area for soft tissue (larger nose)
why did neanders have larger nose than sapiens
o Adaptive trait for cold
• Air warmed before in lungs
australopithecines climate changes
- warming and drying > forest to savannah woodland
Explanations for bipedalism / origin
2.5-1.5mya
erectin climate changes
1.5-0.5
- Rapidly cooling climate
- ice sheets & land bridges; more of ocean ways are in ice sheets
o changes in vegetation
- Cooling selects for increase robust body size
- decrease in hominin diversity
