Human Evolution Summary Tables

Question 1

location and date range of australopithecines

Answer 1

east africa

3.8-3mya

Question 2

location and date range of paranthropus

Answer 2

South and East africa

2.6-1.2 mya

Question 3

location and date range of habilis

Answer 3

South and East africa

2.8-1.5 mya

Question 4

location and date range of ergastur

Answer 4

africa + europe

1.8-0.5mya

Question 5

location and date range of erectus

Answer 5

africa + asia

1.6-0.2mya

Question 6

location and date range of heidelbergensis

Answer 6

africa, asia europe

800-200kya

Question 7

location and date range of neanderthal

Answer 7

europe middle east

400- 350 kya

Question 8

location and date range of sapiens

Answer 8

pandemic (african origin)

200kya-

Question 9

which species showed largest male/female dimorphism

Answer 9

australo (height 105 to 150)

Question 10

CC austrolopith

Answer 10

400-450

Question 11

CC paranth

Answer 11

500

Question 12

CC habilis

Answer 12

700

Question 13

CC egaster

Answer 13

850-1000

Question 14

CC erectus

Answer 14

840-1000

Question 15

CC heidelbergensis

Answer 15

1200-1300

Question 16

CC neander

Answer 16

1200- 1600

Question 17

CC sapiens

Answer 17

1250-1400

Question 18

Features of erectine skull

Answer 18

• Robust
• Thick boned
• Oval shaped when viewed from back
• Angular vault
• Cranial suprastructures
  • Supraoribtal torus (brow ridge)
  • Occiptal torus (horizontal ridge)= pointed back
• No chin

Question 19

Features of human skull

Answer 19

• Torus slightly reduced
• Derived feature: higher, rounded skull, higher cranial vault
• Limited development of brow ridges
  o Outjutting of bones= chin (sapiens)

Question 20

Features of neanderthal skull

Answer 20

• Large muscular bodies (adapt to cold
• Large + long skulls
• More pronounced Ridges (supraoribtal torus)
• Occipital bun (dorsal end of skull)

Question 21

Features of neanderthal skull compared to sapiens

Answer 21

• Large brain case
• Sloped vault
o Humans different= have forehead (upward vault)
• No chins
• Large front teeth
• Bony structure around nose= more surface area for soft tissue (larger nose)

Question 22

why did neanders have larger nose than sapiens

Answer 22

o Adaptive trait for cold

• Air warmed before in lungs

Question 23

australopithecines climate changes

Answer 23

• warming and drying > forest to savannah woodland
  Explanations for bipedalism / origin
  2.5-1.5mya

Question 24

erectin climate changes

Answer 24

1.5-0.5
- Rapidly cooling climate
- ice sheets & land bridges; more of ocean ways are in ice sheets
o changes in vegetation
- Cooling selects for increase robust body size
- decrease in hominin diversity

Question 25

12 000> climate changes + social results

Answer 25

• At 12 000: stable climate
  Lifestyle changes= Agriculture origins (manipulating environment) > not aus

Australia: Homo sapiens 50 kya
• Glacial melting prevented migration back
suggest built sea crafts there