Cell Biology 1 & Cell Biology 2

Question 1

How does a squamous cell shape enable function

Answer 1

thin // allows molecules to move through easily

Question 2

How does a sheroid cell shape enable function

Answer 2

travel + move freely

Question 3

How does a polygonal cell shape enable function

Answer 3

o interconnections to make strong structure and line organs

Question 4

How does a cuboidal cell shape enable function

Answer 4

uniform, quick dividing = wound healing

Question 5

How does a fusiform cell shape enable function

Answer 5

interconnections= muscle

Question 6

How does a columnar cell shape enable function

Answer 6

absorption of food

Question 7

how do cells specialise if all have same genome

Answer 7

• Answer: any given cell expresses only a subset of its genes
  o A cells function is defined by the subset of genes it expresses
  o Control of gene expression

Question 8

how big is a red blood cell

Answer 8

8 micromteres

Question 9

what is the largest and smallest cells

Answer 9

• Largest cell= egg= 100 microns
  o Though nerve cells can be longer in length
• Smallest= sperm

Question 10

what are the three main cell components

Answer 10

1. Plasma Membrane
2. Nucleus
3. Cytoplasm
   a. Cytosol
   b. Organelles
   c. Cytoplasmic inclusions
   d. Cytoskeleton

Question 11

function of plasma membrane

Answer 11

• Outer boundary of cell - separates inside from external environement

Question 12

explain phospholipid bilater

Answer 12

o Polar head (water soluble)/non polar tail (lipid soluble)

Question 13

function of mitochondria

Answer 13

energy supply, makes atp

Question 14

describe inner and outer membranes of mitochonria

Answer 14

o Inner= form cristae (folded) /

o / + SA

Question 15

what cells have a large amount of mitochondrial DNA

Answer 15

muscle

Question 16

explain the nucleus nuclear envelope

Answer 16

o Double membrane

o Pores= how molecules move from nucleus

Question 17

function of RER

Answer 17

Site of protein synthesis

Question 18

function of SER

Answer 18

o Lipid base molecules are synthesised
• Steroid synthesis
• Cholesterol synthesis

Question 19

function of golgi

Answer 19

• Sorts and traffics proteins

o Interpret genetic code + synthesise polypeptides

Question 20

what two vesicles does the golgi produce

Answer 20

lysosomes

secretory granules

Question 21

what are lysosome

Answer 21

o

contain enzymes that digest unwanted molecules

Question 22

what are secretory granules

Answer 22

• Not destined to stay in cell, fuses to cell membrane (exocytosis) + contents released from cell

Question 23

three types of structural filaments

Answer 23

1. Microfilaments: made of actin, smallest, gives structure to outer cell (cage support/ peripheral strength)
2. Intermediate filaments: provide cross support (through cell to sides), transverse support
3. Microtubules: more about transport (train tracks) for vesicles

Question 24

functions of microvilli (membrane)

Answer 24

• Increase SA
• Absorption (found in gastrointestinal tract)
Microfilaments for rigidity

Question 25

functions of cilia (membrane)

Answer 25

• Used for moving material along (motility)
• More rare
• Microtubules for strength
Attached to basal body

Question 26

3 membrane junctions

Answer 26

1. tight, 2. desmosome

3. gap junction

Question 27

describe tight junction

Answer 27

• intimate adjacent membrane connection
• prevents substances b/w // go through
• prom in epithelial cells (gut)

Question 28

describe desmosome

Answer 28

• attachment of strength
• intermediate fila
• prom in skin cells

Question 29

describe gap junction

Answer 29

channels connecting cytoplasms
connexin proteins
prom in cells that work together e.g. smooth muscles