Cell Biology 1 & Cell Biology 2 Flashcards
How does a squamous cell shape enable function
thin // allows molecules to move through easily
How does a sheroid cell shape enable function
travel + move freely
How does a polygonal cell shape enable function
o interconnections to make strong structure and line organs
How does a cuboidal cell shape enable function
uniform, quick dividing = wound healing
How does a fusiform cell shape enable function
interconnections= muscle
How does a columnar cell shape enable function
absorption of food
how do cells specialise if all have same genome
- Answer: any given cell expresses only a subset of its genes
o A cells function is defined by the subset of genes it expresses
o Control of gene expression
how big is a red blood cell
8 micromteres
what is the largest and smallest cells
- Largest cell= egg= 100 microns
o Though nerve cells can be longer in length - Smallest= sperm
what are the three main cell components
- Plasma Membrane
- Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
a. Cytosol
b. Organelles
c. Cytoplasmic inclusions
d. Cytoskeleton
function of plasma membrane
- Outer boundary of cell - separates inside from external environement
explain phospholipid bilater
o Polar head (water soluble)/non polar tail (lipid soluble)
function of mitochondria
energy supply, makes atp
describe inner and outer membranes of mitochonria
o Inner= form cristae (folded) /
o / + SA
what cells have a large amount of mitochondrial DNA
muscle
explain the nucleus nuclear envelope
o Double membrane
o Pores= how molecules move from nucleus
function of RER
Site of protein synthesis
function of SER
o Lipid base molecules are synthesised
• Steroid synthesis
• Cholesterol synthesis
function of golgi
- Sorts and traffics proteins
o Interpret genetic code + synthesise polypeptides
what two vesicles does the golgi produce
lysosomes
secretory granules
what are lysosome
o
contain enzymes that digest unwanted molecules
what are secretory granules
• Not destined to stay in cell, fuses to cell membrane (exocytosis) + contents released from cell
three types of structural filaments
- Microfilaments: made of actin, smallest, gives structure to outer cell (cage support/ peripheral strength)
- Intermediate filaments: provide cross support (through cell to sides), transverse support
- Microtubules: more about transport (train tracks) for vesicles
functions of microvilli (membrane)
• Increase SA
• Absorption (found in gastrointestinal tract)
Microfilaments for rigidity
functions of cilia (membrane)
• Used for moving material along (motility)
• More rare
• Microtubules for strength
Attached to basal body
3 membrane junctions
- tight, 2. desmosome
3. gap junction
describe tight junction
- intimate adjacent membrane connection
- prevents substances b/w // go through
- prom in epithelial cells (gut)
describe desmosome
- attachment of strength
- intermediate fila
- prom in skin cells
describe gap junction
channels connecting cytoplasms
connexin proteins
prom in cells that work together e.g. smooth muscles
