Human Evolution Flashcards
How have biologists and anthropologists understood what happened before written history
Through cultural artifacts, fossils, comparison of human traits with other primates , and DNA similarities among living humans and other primates.
How many pairs of chromosomes does DNA carry.
23 pairs
Where theirs malls pieces of DNA.
In the mitochondria
How does the mitochondria dna passed passed on
It passed on by the mother
By comparing dna patterns what can chemist detect
They can detect any new mutations that have been added beeen added to the small piece of original mitochondrial DNA
What happens if a group of humans split off from a common ancestral group
Both group begin to accumulate different mutations from each other,each group is genetically separated from the other group
What is the best way of knowing that two groups have separated in the past
By counting the number of new mutations found in the dna of one group and not found in the dna of the other group
The greater the number of different mutations
The longer the amount of time that the two groups have been separated from each other.
Do mutations take a long time to happen
True
If the dna of two groups is quite similar
Then they have not been separated very long
Witch two groups are the most similar
North Asia, and Native American
Which one of the three groups is the most different from the other two groups?
Asia
So which group has been separated from the others for the longest time
Africa
Which two groups haven’t been separated from each other for very long
North Asia, and Native American
How many years does it take for 1% of mitochondrial dna to be change mutation
500,000 years
Where are the counted total number of small mutations that have occurred in the human today
Mitochondrial clock
How many years have modern humans been on this planet
20,000 years
How many years have passed since the separation of Asia population versus Native American populations
35,000
When comparing the dna of north Asian and European population. How many years of separation does this group have
50,000
When comparing the Indonesian people and the Europeans how many years of separation do they have
60,000
Years of separation of the African group with other populations
100,000 years
At first what did anthropologist though we were most closely related to
Gorillas
What sis the gorilla line branched off the human ancestral line
7 million years ago
How many years ago did the chimpanzee and human lines separated
6 million years ago
What is orrorin tegenesis
The oldest discovery on our lineage
What is the hominid line
Modern extinct great apes
What is the oldest hominid
Ardipithecus
What has the homo habilis
A tool maker
