DNA Flashcards
What is PCR polymerase chain reaction?
is the method used to make millions of copies of DNA from a small sample.
How is sometimes PCR called?
molecular photocopiying
How is DNA unzziped
Is unzziped by heating the sample in a mixture of DNA NUCLEOTIDES
What is taq polymerase
amplifies the specific DNA sequence
What is a primer
a short piece if RNA that starts the chain reaction
DNA equation
original DNA strand —-heat——DNA u zips———polymerase enzymes
What is a simple definition of biutechnology
a process to make millions of copies of DNA
In which example is the fingerprint identical to the twins?
DNA fingerprints
What does pcr produce
copies of dna
What are the ingredients for the PCR process
DNA, primer, nucleotides, taq polymerase
Where did biotechnology find the special DNA polymerase enzyme used in the pcr process
thermal pools
What is a pcr primer
a little tab that matches DNA, and codes a specific region of DNA
What are restriction enzymes
restriction enzymes are a natural defense that bacteria use to destroy viruses that invaded them
What doesrestriction enzymes do
cut longpieces of DNA into smaller pieces
When is DNA cut
wherever there is a recognition site which is determined by our genetics.
What difuses faster
small things
Whatdifuses slower
long pieces
What are relps
is a type of polymorphism that results from variation in the DNA sequence recognized by restriction enzymes
When are relps separated from each other
during a process called gel electrophoresis
What are gel electrophoresis
is a precise method for separating pieces of DNA called rflps or strs that have been cut by restriction enzymes. It produces a visual gel record
Whatchargeis DNA
DNA has a slightly negative charge
How are DNA pieces separated
by gel electrophoresis
What does pcr do
amplifies the original I’m a sample
What are recognition sites
nucleotide sequences
What are rflps and strs
restriction fragment length polymorphism
Why not decode the entire DNA of the person or organism being investigated
because it will take a long time
What I a the purpose of the gel
to separate the DNA
What is the purpose of the buffer
To break the DNA
Where do you put the DNA samples
in the gel holes
When the electrical charge is applied to the gel, what happens
bubbles are created and the color is separated
What are called the targeted sequence
genetic markers
What are probes
special molecules designed to combined only with a particular sequence of nucleotides in the DNA sample
How do you make gel
preparing a agarose gel sheet in a casting tray, cover the gel with a buffer solution, place the sample to be compared into small wells at one end if the gel sheet, apply and electrical charge to each end of the gel, wait to the DNA fingerprints to develop
What is agar made of
seaweed
making gel
measure 40 mo of buffer and pour it into the flask, predetermined the weight of a piece of withing paper of 0.35 agar, add it to the flask swirl it and heat it up in the microwave for 15 seconds. When the flak has cooled you pour it into the gel tray with the comb in place. Once the gel has hardened remove the comb and the ends of the gel tray and insert it into the main chamber. Once the gel is in the chamber you will inject samples using a micropippete and wait for the samples to separate into bands.
