Human Ethics

Question 1

Define Informed consent

Answer 1

aim should be told to the participants before the study. if the aim needs to be hidden to protect the validity of the finding, then sufficient data about the study should be given to participants for them to decide whether they want to participate

Question 2

define protection

Answer 2

participants should not be harmed in any mental or physical way

Question 3

define right to withdraw

Answer 3

participants should be informed that they can withdraw at any point

Question 4

define deception

Answer 4

participants should not be deceived during the study; however, if it’s necessary to do so to protect the findings of the study, then participants need to be debriefed

Question 5

define confidentiality

Answer 5

participants’ identity and personal data should be concealed from the general public

Question 6

privacy

Answer 6

invasive/ private questions should be avoided. participants should be made aware of their right to ignore the questions they incur during the study

Question 7

briefing

Answer 7

before the study. asking if they want to take part in a study

Question 8

define debriefing

Answer 8

at the end of a study participants should be told what has happened, asked if they have any concerns, and given any explanation they require. anything which may have caused stress should be resolved so that the participant can leave the study in the same state in which he/she arrived

Question 9

define what a stooge is. name one strength and one weakness

Answer 9

Definition: A person who pretends to be a participant but is actually working for the
researcher.
Strength:
A stooge standardizes the procedure of a study with the aim of repeating everything in
exactly the same way with every participant.
The participants, thinking the stooge is another participant, behave more naturally and will
not respond to demand characteristics (as the stooge isn’t an example).
A stooge can be used as a model to suggest to participants how they should behave.
Weakness:
It is unethical, it deceives participants because they think the stooge is another participant.
The stooge may lead a participant to behave in ways in which they would not normally
behave; ways in which an experimenter has predetermined.