Human Endocrine system

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

Maintaining a constant equilibrium or balance in the body despite changes in the internal or external environment

Question 2

Hormones

Answer 2

Organic compounds
Chemical messengers
Secreted bu endocrine glands

Question 3

Endocrine glands

Answer 3

• Ductless glands
• Release secretions(hormones) directly into bloodstream
• Blood transports hormones to target organs where they perform their function

Question 4

Exocrine glands

Answer 4

• Glands that release secretions via ducts
• To a body cavity or
• To the outside

Question 5

Examples of exocrine glands

Answer 5

• Tears

- Salivary glands that secrete saliva into ducts that open in the mouth cavity

Question 6

Steroids

Answer 6

Lipid like organic compounds

Question 7

Most hormones are —-

Some are —–

Answer 7

Proteins

Steroids

Question 8

Target organ

Answer 8

organ that is affected by a specific hormone

Has receptors for this hormone, enabling it to respond

Question 9

Two ways the hormones’ regulatory function can be

Answer 9

1. stimulating

2. inhibiting

Question 10

Negative feedback mechanism

Answer 10

Any deviation from the normal levels elicits a response that restores the normal levels

Question 11

Hypothalamus

Answer 11

• part of brain just below corpus callosum
• controls functions of hypophysis
• link between the in nervous and endocrine systems

Question 12

Anterior lobe of hypophysis

Answer 12

Adenohypophysis

Question 13

Posterior lobe of hypophysis

Answer 13

Neurohypophysis

Question 14

Why is pituatary gland the master gland

Answer 14

It secretes many hormones that affect many of the other endocrine glands

Question 15

List 2 ways in which the hypothalamus is connected to the hypophysis

Answer 15

1. BY blood vessels to the anterior lobe

2. By neurons to the posterior lobe

Question 16

Relationship between hypophysis and hypothalamus

Answer 16

hypothalamus produces hormones which are transported via neuron to posterior lobe of hypophysis for storage

Question 17

How does the hypothalamus control the hypophysis

Answer 17

• Secreating releasing factors
  1. via neurons (to posterior lobe)
  2. Via blood (to anterior lobe)

These releasing factors stimulate the hypophysis to produce or release more hormones into the blood.

Question 18

Releasing factors in hypophysis

Answer 18

These releasing factors stimulate the hypophysis to produce or release more hormones into the blood.

Question 19

5 hormones secreated by the anterior lobe

Answer 19

1. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone)
2. Growth hormone (SH / somatotropic hormone)
3. FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)
4. LH (Luteininsing hormone)

Question 20

Dwarfism

Answer 20

The under-secretion of growth hormone.
Body = short body parts, arms torso and legs
= normal sized heads

Question 21

Gigantism

Answer 21

Over secretion of growth hormone

Usually the result of a tumor i the hypohysis

Question 22

Acromegaly

Answer 22

• Over secretion of growth hormone in adults
• Long bones in the body cannot lengthen anymore
• Growth plates in the epiphysises of the long bones close during puberty
• Bones of the face: jawbone, hands feet increase in size

Question 23

2 hormones secreted by the posterior lube

Answer 23

1. ADH = antidiuretic hormone —> prevents dehydration

2. Oxytocin

Question 24

Where ADH produced and transported

Answer 24

• Hypothalamus

- transported to posterior lobe of hypophysis via neurons for storage

Question 25

Function of ADH

Answer 25

Promote re absorption of water (through renal tubes in the kidney