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Human - Economic Activity and energy Flashcards

1
Q

Indicators of the size of a sector [2]

A
  • Contribution to DGP
  • Percentage of population employed
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2
Q

Economic development def

A

Looks at the total value of goods and services provided/income of a country

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3
Q

________________ are an indicator of a country’s economic development

A

Economic Sectors

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4
Q

Pre industrial period [2]

A
  • Primary sectors dominate
  • Mainly agriculture
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5
Q

Industrial period [2]

A
  • Increase in secondary sector
  • Primary sector continues to decrease
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6
Q

Post industrial period [3]

A
  • Tertiary sector increases
  • Quaternary sector emerges
  • Primary and secondary sectors decrease
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7
Q

Causes of changes in sectors over time [5]

A
  • Increasing mechanisation in agriculture, reduces jobs
  • Population move to urban areas to find secondary and tertiary jobs
  • More disposable income
  • Growth in tertiary sector
  • Growth of Quaternary sector to stay ahead of the pack
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8
Q

Physical factors affecting the location of economic sectors [4]

A
  • Raw materials
  • Land
  • Energy
  • Climate
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9
Q

Human factors affecting the location of economic sectors [5]

A
  • Capital
  • Transport and communications
  • Market
  • Labour
  • Government policy
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10
Q

Primary sector def

A
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11
Q

Secondary sector def

A
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12
Q

Tertiary sector def

A
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13
Q

Quaternary sector def

A
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14
Q

Examples of primary sector

A

Agriculture, Mining, Forestry, Fishing

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15
Q

Factors influencing location of primary sector [6]

A
  • Climate
  • Land
  • Market
  • Government policies
  • Labour
  • Transport
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16
Q

Secondary sector examples

A

Car manufacturing, Food processing’s Ship building

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17
Q

Factors influencing location of secondary sector [7]

A
  • Raw materials
  • Land
  • Market
  • Govt policies
  • Energy
  • Labour
  • Transport
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18
Q

Tertiary Sector examples

A

Healthcare, Retail

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19
Q

Factors influencing location of tertiary sector [5]

A
  • Land
  • Market
  • Energy
  • Labour
  • Tranport
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20
Q

Quaternary sector examples

A

Research and development

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21
Q

Factors influencing location of quaternary sector [4]

A
  • Land
  • Energy
  • Labour
  • Transport
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22
Q

Factors causing changes in the location of the primary sector over time[3]

A
  • Drought, soil erosion, natural processes which may result in decreased growth of crop and livestock
  • Availability of raw materials
  • Climate change
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23
Q

Factors causing changes in the location of the secondary sector over time [7]

A
  • Transport
  • Increase in transnational companies
  • Power source
  • Internet
  • government policies
  • Cheaper labour
  • Raw materials
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24
Q

Why does decentralisation of the Quaternary and Tertiary sector occur [5]

A
  • Open space
  • Land is cheaper
  • More accessible
  • Located near commuter villages
  • Increase in Science parks, Business parks, Retail parks where similar businesses are located together
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25
Case study: Sectoral shift in the UK [4]
- Post industrial country - First to experience industrial revolution - Industrial revolution 1900 P>S - S>T 1950
26
Positive impacts of sectoral shift in the UK [3]
- Deindustrialisation has led to improvements int he environment, less pollution - UK has developed expertise in secondary and tertiary economic activities which are in demand around the world - London in the second most important financial hub
27
Negative impacts of sectoral shift in the UK [3]
- Deindustrialisation led to high numbers of job losses - Unemployment especially high in city centres eg Liverpool and Leeds - Increasing number of TNCs have moved offices to other countries
28
Case study: Sectoral shift in China [4]
- Industrial stage of the clark fisher model - 1905: 80% Primary - 2005: 50% Secondary and tertiary - 2020: Mostly tertiary
29
Positive impacts of sectoral shift in china [4]
- Improved incomes and higher standard of living - More investment in education and healthcare - Increased investment by TNCs - Investment in infrastructure
30
Negative impacts of sectoral shift in China [4]
- Increasing development gap between areas - Increasing economic gap between rich and poor - Pollution - Increased fossil fuel use
31
Case study: Sectoral shift in Kenya [3]
- Pre-industrial stage of the clark Fischer model - Over 50% employed in agriculture - Very little secondary or tertiary economy
32
Informal Employment def
Employment which is unregulated and unofficial
33
Examples of jobs in the informal economy
- Shoe scrubbing - Rubbish collecting - Street vendors - Para transit, eg rickshaws
34
Causes of informal employment [5]
- Avoid Taxes - High levels of rural urban migration - Lack of qualifications or education - People need flexible working hours - Low wages mean people need additional jobs
35
Impacts of working in the informal economy on people [4]
- No health benefits - Often exposed to health and safety risks - Have no contracts or guaranteed pay - No holiday or sick pay
36
Case study, informal employment in Dhaka
37
Underpopulation def
Population is too small to develop the resources effectively
38
Overpopulation def
Too many people or too few resources to ensure a high standard of living
39
Population pressure def
Occurs when the population is greater than the carrying capacity
40
Malthus population theory [6]
- Population growth is increasing faster than food supply - Not enough resources to sustain - Catastrophe, war, disease, famine - positive checks that increase death rate - Preventative checks decrease birth rate - Limiting factors maintain a balance
41
Boserup population theory [2]
- Population growth will stimulate developments in technology to increase food development - More efficient ways to use resources
42
How is energy demand increasing [5]
- Higher demand for food - Increasing industry - More tranport - Urbanisation, more domestic appliances - Increased wealth, people buy more technology
43
Energy gap
When a country can not meet its energy requirements using its own resources
44
to be energy secure, a country needs an: [3]
- Uninterrupted supply of energy - Affordable supply - Accessable supply
45
Why does the UK have a widening energy gap [2]
- Renewable energy is not as efficient and so cannot fully replace energy from fossil fuels - It is cheaper to import fossil fuels than it is to exploit the resources in the UK
46
Energy security can also be affected by [4]
- Energy sources running out - War/Conflict - Natural hazards - Political disputes
47
Examples of non renewable energy sources [4]
- Gas - Oil - Coal - Nuclear
48
A/D of Gas [3+3]
49
A/D of Oil [3+3]
50
A/D of Coil [3+3]
51
A/D of Nuclear [3+3]
52
A/D of Hydroelectric [3+3]
53
A/D of Wave/Tidal [3+3]
54
A/D of Wind [3+3]
55
A/D of Solar [3+3]
56
A/D of Geothermal [3+3]
57
A/D of Biomass [3+3]
58
Examples of renewable Energy
- Hydroelectric - Wave/tidal - Wind - Solar - Geothermal - Biomass/Waste
59
Renewable energy def
Energy sources which are infinite and will not run out
60
Non-renewable energy def
Energy sources which are finite and will eventually run out
61
Non-renewable energy def
Energy sources which are finite and will eventually run out
62
Ways in which individuals can contribute to energy sustainability
- Reduce car use, public transport - Insulating walls - Buy energy efficient appliances - Don't leave items on standby - Install double glazing - Install solar panels
63
National strategies to contribute to energy sustainability [5]
- Invest in renewable energy - Encourage the switch to electric cars - Invest in public transport - Provide loans for solar panel installation - Building regulations for energy efficiency
64
Energy management case study: Nepal
65
Energy management case study: Norway

Geo (8 decks)

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