Human Ecology

Question 1

science of relationships between living organisms and their environment

Answer 1

ecology

Question 2

relationships between people and their environment; the environment is perceived as an ecosystem

Answer 2

human ecology

Question 3

everything in a specified area - the soil, air, water, living organisms and physical structures, including everything built by humans

Answer 3

ecosystem

Question 4

the living parts of an ecosystem: microorganisms, plants, animals, humans

Answer 4

biological community

Question 5

is everything about people, their population and the psychology and social organizations that shape their behavior

Answer 5

social system

Question 6

form the base of the food web; largest group in ecosystem; incorporate inorganic carbon and nitrogen from the atmosphere

Answer 6

producers at the base

Question 7

living organisms that get energy from consuming other organisms

Answer 7

consumers in the chain

Question 8

living component; breaks down waste material and dead organisms; vital recycling function, returning nutrients incorporated into dead organisms to the soil where plants can take them up again

Answer 8

decomposers and nutrient cycling

Question 9

the dynamic evolutionary process that fits organisms to their environment, enhancing their evolutionary fitness

Answer 9

adaptation

Question 10

scientific study of nature, with the aim of protecting species, their habitats and ecosystems from extinction

Answer 10

conservation

Question 11

types of conservation

Answer 11

1. environmental conservation
2. animal conservation
3. marine conservation
4. human conservation

Question 12

refers to the environment being used in a way that is sustainable

Answer 12

environmental conservation

Question 13

the practice of protecting endangered wild animal species, along with their habitats

Answer 13

animal conservation

Question 14

protection of species and ecosystems that live in oceans and seas

Answer 14

marine conservation

Question 15

risk of losing traditional culture due to the ever-expanding influence; learning their customs and traditions and helping them improve their standards of living

Answer 15

human conservation

Question 16

represent the interconnected nature of living organisms of their world. it could be as small as a drop of pond water or as big as the amazon rainforest

Answer 16

ecosystem

Question 17

components of an ecosystem are all of the nonliving elements

Answer 17

abiotic

Question 18

components of the ecosystem both live on and interact with the abiotic components

Answer 18

biotic

Question 19

a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time

Answer 19

climate change

Question 20

climate impacts on human health

Answer 20

1. temperature-related impacts
2. air quality impacts
3. increases in ozone
4. changes in particulate matter
5. changes in allergens and asthma triggers

Question 21

illnesses that are transmitted by vectors(mosquitoes, ticks, fleas)

Answer 21

vector-borne diseases

Question 22

natural hosts

Answer 22

birds

Question 23

insect vector

Answer 23

mosquitoes

Question 24

incidental host

Answer 24

humans

Question 25

People can become ill if exposed to contaminated drinking or recreational water. Climate change increases the risk of illness through increasing temperature, more frequent heavy rains and runoff, and the effects of storms.

Answer 25

Water-related illnesses

Question 26

can affect exposure to waterborne pathogens

Answer 26

climate impacts

Question 27

mean that waterborne vibrio bacteria and harmful algal toxins will be present in the water or in seafood at different times of the year

Answer 27

changing water temperatures

Question 28

resulting from increases in extreme precipitation, hurricane rainfall, and storm surge will increasingly contaminate water bodies used for recreation

Answer 28

runoff and flooding

Question 29

such as storm surges can damage or exceed the capacity of water infrastructure, increasing the risk that people will be exposed to contaminants

Answer 29

extreme weather events

Question 30

three factors contribute to vulnerability

Answer 30

1. sensitivity 2. exposure 3. adaptive capacity

Question 31

degree to which people or group are affected by a stressor such as higher temperature

Answer 31

sensitivity

Question 32

physical contact between a person and a stressor

Answer 32

exposure

Question 33

ability to adjust to or avoid potential hazards

Answer 33

adaptive capacity

Question 34

are vulnerable to many health risks due to biological sensitivities and more opportunities for exposure

Answer 34

children

Question 35

are vulnerable to heat waves and other extreme events

Answer 35

pregnant woman

Question 36

are vulnerable to many of the impacts of climate change. they may have greater sensitivity to heat and contaminants

Answer 36

older adults

Question 37

such as outdoor workers, paramedics, firefighters, and transportation workers, as well as workers in hot indoor work environments

Answer 37

occupational groups

Question 38

can be very vulnerable during extreme weather events, unless communities ensure that their emergency response plans specifically accommodate them

Answer 38

people with disabilities

Question 39

are typically vulnerable to extreme heat, especially if they are taking medications that make it difficult to regulate body temperature

Answer 39

people with chronic medical conditions

Question 40

Any changes in a person's physical health or surrounding environment can also have serious impacts on their mental health. In particular, experiencing an extreme weather event can cause stress and other mental health consequences, particularly when a person loses his/her loved ones or home.

Answer 40

mental health