Community and Health Concepts Flashcards
a. Had short life span because their main problem was just finding enough food to eat.
b. Mix diet fairly balanced and nutritionally complete
Hunter-Gatherers
Primitive people believed in natural spirits that were sometimes mischievous or vengeful.
Mythology, Superstition, and Religion
Domesticated animals provided not only food and labor; they also carried diseases that could be transmitted to humans.
The Agricultural Revolution
Diseases not as punishment from the gods, but as an imbalance of man with the environment.
The Hippocratic Corpus
Acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Yersinia pestis.
The Bubonic Plague
What bacteria caused the Bubonic Plague?
Yersinia Pestis
What caused the Bubonic Plague?
Not known
Most popular explanation is “miasmas”
What is the mode of transmission?
Flea Bites
Separation of an individual who has possibly been exposed to disease
Quarantine
Quarantine comes from the Italian
Quarantena
Separation of a person who has the disease
Isolation
The Bills of Mortality (1662)
Observed the common death of men
John Graunt
1670s
Father of Microscopy
First to see bacteria, yeast, protozoa, sperm cells, and red blood cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Published “Micrographia” in 1665
Compound microscope
Robert Hooke
a Scottish naval surgeon
James Lind
due to a deficiency in vitamin C
Scurvy
Parisian physician
Bloodletting with leeches
Francois Broussais
Studied bloodletting and found it ineffective
Pierre Louis
period that saw an embrace of democracy, citizenship, reason, rationality, and social value of intelligence
Enlightenment
Hungarian physician practiced in the maternity department of the Vienna General Hospital in 1840s
Ignaz Semmelweis
American Physician
M.D. from Harvard Medical School
Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.
Father of Epidemiology
Proposed a new hypothesis for how
cholera was transmitted
London
John Snow
an infectious disease that became a major threat to health during 1800
Cholera
drainage, sewers, garbage disposal, regulation of housing…..
Edwin Chadwick
French biologist
contributions to germ theory
Louis Pasteur
Microbes in milk can be killed by
heating 130 ⁰F
Pasteurization
defined public health
Charles-Edward A. Winslow
science and art of preventing
disease, prolonging life and promoting
human health through organized efforts and
informed choices of society, organizations,
public and private, communities and
individuals
Public Health
A general condition of a person in all aspects
HEALTH
A discipline that concerns itself with the study and betterment of the health characteristics of biological communities
COMMUNITY HEALTH
which refers to interventions which focus on the individual or family such as handwashing, etc.
PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
refers to activities which focus on the environment such as spraying insecticides.
SECONDARY HEALTH CARE
refers to those interventions that take place in a hospital setting such as surgery
TERTIARY HEALTH CARE
Branch of public health that is concerned with all aspects of natural and built environment that may affect human health
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
number of individuals within a population who have a particular disease at a given time
Disease prevalence
is the number of new cases of a particular disease within a population in a given time period
Disease incidence
covers a series of activities at the community level aimed at bringing about desired improvement in the social well-being of individuals
Community Organization
