Human diseases textbook Qs Flashcards
Orthopnoea is a possible symptom of
A) indigestion
B) seizures
C) productive cough
D) left-sided heart failure
E) Bowel Cancer
D
Which of the following are NOT likely causes of confusion in a patient?
A) hypoxia
B) infection
C) epilepsy
D) prescription of NSAID
E) Raised intracranial pressure
D
Koilonychia (spoon-shaped fingernails) is a potential sign of:
A) vitamin K deficiency
B) Albumin deficiency
C) chronic iron deficiency anaemia
D) Infective endocarditis
E) patients with liver disease
C
A facially visible sign of hypercholesterolaemia is:
A) malar flush
B) Xanthelasma
C) Cyanosis
D) Jaundice
E) Ptosis
B
Which of the following signs is NOT a potential feature of rheumatoid arthritis?
A) Dupuytren’s contracture
B) Ulnar deviation of the hands
C) elbow nodules
D) Pulmonary fibrosis
E) Enlarged Spleen
A
The stated alcohol consumption limit per week is what?
14 units per week
Which of the following is NOT a recognised cause of finger clubbing?
A) cyanotic congenital heart failure
B) bronchial carcinoma
C) inflammatory bowel syndrome
D) Fibrolysing alveolitis
E) myocardial infarction
E
The artery used to take the pulse at the wrist in a patient is the:
A) branchial artery
B) ulnar artery
C) radial artery
D) popliteal artery
E) dorsalis pedis artery
C
At post-mortem exa, a patient who died of myocardial infarction would show evidence of:
A) fibrinoid necrosis
B) gangrene
C) colliquative necrosis
D) coagulative necrosis
E) Apoptosis
D
A post-mortem exam, a patient who died of cerebral infarction would show evidence of:
A) gangrene
B) colliquative necrosis
C) coagulative necrosis
D) apoptosis
E) fibrinoid necrosis
B
Granulation tissue contains:
A) pyogenic bacteria
B) langerhans giant cells
C) epithelioid macrophages
D) Fibrovascular tissue
E) well-formed granulomas
D
Granulomas contain:
A) endothelial cells
B) macrophages
C) epithelial cells
D) myofibroblasts
E) fibroblasts
B
H1 receptor antagonists are prescribed to patients with:
A) peptic ulceration
B) previous episode of anaphylaxis
C) hay fever
D) acute glomerulonephritis
E) Rheumatic fever
C
How does hairy leukoplakia present and what is it a symptom of?
Oral hairy leukoplakia is a condition triggered by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It presents as non-movable ‘hairy’ white patches on the lateral margins of the tongue. Occurs in all risk groups for HIV
What is Kaposi’s sarcoma and what causes it?
disease in which cancer cells are found in the skin or mucous membranes that line the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from mouth to anus, including the stomach and intestines
human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)
seen in late stage HIV
What is oral hairy leukoplakia almost always a manifestation of but what virus triggers it?
manifestation of HIV
Triggered by EBV
The most common form of oral candidiasis in HIV-infected patient is:
A) hyperplastic candidiasis
B) angular cheilitis
C) pesudomembranous candidiasis
D) erythematous candidiasis
E) oral apthous ulcerations
C
The following is true regarding oral hairy leukoplakia:
A) only occurs in HIV infection
B) associated with Epstein Barr virus
C) associated with oral sex
D) associated with poor oral hygiene
E) causes painful sensation
B
The following are indicator diseases for HIV:
A) oral candidiasis
B) trigeminal neuralgia
C) obesity
D) insomnia
E) carpal tunnel syndrom
A
The following is true of HIV:
A) transmitted by sharing a cup
B) late diagnosis is associated with high morbidity and mortality
C) treated effectively by exchange transfusion
D) acyclovir is an effective combination drug
E) only affects men who have sex with men
B
Which of the following is the commonest route of HCV transmission in the UK?
A) faecal-oral
B) intravenous drug use
C) respiratory
D) sexual transmission
E) vertical: mother to child
B
Which of the following is NOT part of the innate immune system?
A) tears
B) CD8+ T cells
C) neutrophils
D) The complement system
E) Phagocytes
B
Which of the following is a true statement about the action of the complement system?
A) manufactures antibodies
B) engulfs bacteria
C) produces cytokines
D) acts as a physical defence against infection
E) attracts phagocytic cells to the site of infection
E
Which of the following is a possible cause of primary immunodeficiency?
A) lymphoma
B) HIV
C) Chronic mucocutaenous candidiasis
D) immunosuppressive drugs
E) protein-losing enteropathy
C
Which of the following is NOT a method of testing for allergic disease?
A) skin prick tests
B) patch test
C) challenge tests
D) specific IgE tests
E) IgG4
E
Which of the following is true when using skin prick testing in the diagnosis of type 1 allergies?
A) expensive
B) takes a long time to process
C) useful in patients with severe eczema
D) better sensitivity compared with specific IgE testing
E) can be performed in patients taking regular antihistamines
D
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for the development of latex allergy?
A) healthcare workers using latex gloves
B) hand eczema
C) multiple surgical procedures
D) spina bifida
E) penicillin allergy
E
In anaphylaxis, the correct dose of adrenaline to be administered IM is:
A) 0.5ml 1:10000
B) 1ml 1:10000
C) 1ml 1:1000
D) 0.5ml 1:1000
E) 1.5ml 1:1000
D
Behcet’s syndrome is NOT associated with:
A) oral ulceration
B) genital ulceration
C) vitamin B12 deficiency
D) iritis
E) pathergy
C
Which of the following is defined as an organ-specific autoimmune disease?
A) autoimmune thyroid disease
B) SLE
C) Sjogrens syndrome
D) Behcets syndrom
E) Rheumatoid arthritis
A
A DVT in the popliteal vein in the leg is most likely to embolise to:
A) the lungs
B) the brain
C) the coronary arteries
D) the popliteal artery
E) the hepatic portal vein
A
The term that describes the leaking of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium is:
A) mitral imcompetence
B) ASD
C) aortic regurgitation
D) Tricuspid regurgitation
E) VSD
D
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerotic arterial disease?
A) smoking
B) female gender
C) diabetes mellitus
D) sedentary lifestyle
E) low HDL cholesterol
B
The most common material/substance causing embolism is:
A) thrombus
B) air
C) fat
D) foreign body
E) misplaced medical devices
A
Vascular claudication:
A) causes limping on walking
B) is usually felt in the foot at night
C) usually involves the thighs or buttocks
D) is usually managed non-surgically
E) is a reason to be on anti-coagulants
D
Aortic aneurysms:
A) should be repaired as early as possible to prevent rupture
B) arise most commonly in the infrarenal abdominal aorta
C) are associated with hyperthyroidism
D) when ruptured, are associated with an overall 30-50% mortality
E) are usually symptoms of the popliteal artery
B
The major risk factors for peripheral occlusive arterial disease include:
A) the female sex
B) premature menopause
C) HDL greater than 1.0mMol/L
D) diabetes insipidous
E) hypertension
E
Deep vein thrombosis:
A) is more common in patients undergoing lower limb surgery
B) is associated with reduced D-dimer levels
C) can be prevented by pre-operative warfarinisation of the patient
D) always result in a swollen, painful lower limb
E) all patients should be screened for thrombophilia
A
If a patient with asthma becomes wheezy during an oral surgery procedure, the correct inhaler treatment would be:
A) budesonide
B) salbutamol
C) tirotropium
D) salmeterol
E) fluticasone
B
The key feature of hypoxia is:
A) breathlessness
B) orthopnoea
C) wheezing
D) reduced peak expiratory rate
E) cyanosis
E
The most common type of lung cancer is:
A) SCC
B) small cell carcinoma
C) ductal carcinoma
D) large-cell carcinoma
E) adenocarcinoma
A
A major cause of chronic lung infection in cystic fibrosis is:
A) mycoplasma pneumoniae
B) mycobacterium tuberculosis
C) haemophilus influenzae
D) influenza A virus
E) pseudomonas aeruginosa
E
A typical adverse effect of an anticholinergic inhaler such as tiotropium is:
A) palpitations
B) tremor
C) gingival hyperplasia
D) dryness of mouth
E) Cushing’s syndrome
D
Community-acquired pneumonia is most commonly caused by:
A) streptococcus pneumoniae
B) staphylococcus aureus
C) rhinoviruses
D) pseudomonas aeruginosa
E) meticillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
A
A typical cause of diffuse lung fibrosis is:
A) tobacco smoking
B) chronic asthma
C) bronchiectasis
D) asbestos
E) pseudomonas aeruginosa infection
D
What is Peutz-Jehger’s syndrome?
autosomal dominant condition comprising intestinal polyps and pigmented freckles periorally extending onto the oral mucosa. The gastric and duodenal polyps have a predisposition to becoming malignant
What is vitamin K important for?
essential for production of blood clotting factors II, VII, IX and X
BMI grade 1 lies in the range:
A) 10-15
B) 15-20
C) 20-25
D) 25-30
E) 30-40
D
Which of the following does NOT promote gastrooesophageal reflux?
A) milk
B) hiatus hernia
C) obesity
D) cigarettes
E) fatty foods
Crohn’s disease:
A) is confined to the terminal ileum
B) commonly presents with lip swelling
C) is characterised by transmural inflammation
D) is characterised by non-granulomatous inflammation
E) never demonstrates specific oral signs
C
Which of the following is a proton pump inhibitor?
A) omeprazole
B) cimetidine
C) sacralfate
D) misoprostol
E) lisinopril
A