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Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals > Human Diseases Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Human Diseases Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Disease

A

a structural or functional change in the body that is harmful to the organism

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2
Q

Homeostasis

A

the body’s ability to physiologically regulate itself, to adapt to minor fluctuations

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3
Q

Allopathic medicine

A

Conventional practice of medicine with biological bases for treatment

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4
Q

Anatomic Pathology

A

Medical specialty involved with performing autopsies and examining tissues and fluids removed from live patients for the purpose of diagnosis

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5
Q

Cellular Basis of Disease

A

The tracing of disease to deranged structures or functions of cells

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6
Q

Clinical Pathologist

A

A physician who analyzes various specimens removed from patients such as blood, urine, and sputum to determine the type and cause of disease

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7
Q

Complications

A

Secondary problems that emerge as a consequence of treatment

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8
Q

Cytopathology

A

The study of cellular changes for the diagnosis of disease

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9
Q

Developmental Disease

A

diseases that developed during an individual’s life in utero (during embryonic and fetal development)

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10
Q

Diagnosis

A

Observation, history, and laboratory results used to determine the specific disease being experienced by the patient

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11
Q

Differential Diagnosis

A

A list of possible diagnoses that fit the physical and historical presentation of a patient’s illness

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12
Q

Endogenous

A

Agents acting from inside the body; three categories: Vascular, immunologic, and metabolic diseases

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13
Q

Etiology

A

Cause of diseses

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14
Q

Evidence-Based Medicine

A

Guidelines for treatment based on the empirical evidence and advice issued by experts

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15
Q

Exogenous

A

Agents acting from outside the body; divided into physical, chemical, and microbiologic injury

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16
Q

Experimental Pathology

A

a.k.a investigative pathology; science that seeks to ink the presentation of a disease in a whole organism with its fundamental molecular and cellular mechanisms, with the research findings being applied to its diagnosis and treatment

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17
Q

External Agents of Injury

A

Physical, chemical, or microbial causes of injury

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18
Q

Follow-Up

A

checking the patient after treatment to monitor the progress

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19
Q

Functional Disease

A

Diseases in which there are no visible lesions, at least at the onset of the disease; most common functional diseases are tension headache and irritable bowel syndrome; other examples: diabetes and hypertension

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20
Q

Genetic Disease

A

Disease caused by abnormalities in the genetic makeup of the individual, either at the level of chromosomes, or at the genetic level

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21
Q

History

A

Listening to the patient or patient’s relatives to ascertain the symptoms, and reviewing any other past or present medical problems that might relate to them

22
Q

Hyperplasia

A

The abnormal proliferation of cells within an organ or tissue resulting in an increase in cells

23
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Adverse reactions resulting from treatment applied by a healthcare provider

24
Q

Idiopathic

A

Disease of unknown cause

25
Q

Immunologic Disease

A

Disease caused by aberrations of the immune system

26
Q

Infection

A

Microbiologic injury caused by organisms of bacterial, viral, fungal, or protozoan origin

27
Q

Inflammation

A

The vascular and cellular response to necrosis or sublethal cell injury that is the body’s mechanism of limiting the spread of injury

28
Q

Internal Mechanism of Injury

A

vascular insufficiency, immunologic reactions, and metabolic disturbbances

29
Q

Laboratory Finding

A

Observations made by the application of tests or special procedures

30
Q

Lesion

A

Structural changes within the body caused by disease

31
Q

Metabolic Disease

A

biochemical disorders involving lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, or vitamins

32
Q

Neoplasia

A

The abnormal proliferation of cells

33
Q

Nosocomial

A

Disease acquired from a hospital environmen

34
Q

Structural Disease

A

organic disease; Diseases characterized by structural changes within the body; Categories: 1) Genetic and Developmental diseases 2) Acquired injuries and inflammatory diseases 3) Hyperplasias and Neoplasms

35
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Structural and functional mechanisms leading to disease

36
Q

Pathology

A

the study of disease

37
Q

Pathophysiology

A

derangement of function in disease

38
Q

Physical Examination

A

The process by which a healthcare specialist examines the body for signs of disease

39
Q

Prognosis

A

A prediction about the course a disease will take

40
Q

Repair

A

The body’s attempt to replace dead cells, whether by regeneration of the original tissue or by replacement with connective scar tissue

41
Q

Sign

A

Physical observation made by the examiner of the patient

42
Q

Surgical Pathology

A

A branch of pathology that makes diagnoses based on gross, microscopic, and other tests on tissue removed from live patients during surgery; used to develop treatment strategies

43
Q

Symptom

A

evidence of disease perceived by the patient

44
Q

Syndrome

A

A cluster of findings commonly encountered with more than one disease

45
Q

Trauma

A

injury caused by extrinsic factors

46
Q

Vascular Disease

A

inlude obstruction of blood supply to an organ or tissue, hemorrhage, or altered blood flow

47
Q

Workup

A

Investigation of a patient’s symptoms to determine the cause of the ailment

48
Q

Steps in the Care of a Patient’s Illness

A

1) Gather facts: history, physical examination, and laboratory and radiology tests 2) Interpret the facts and render a diagnosis 3) Treat the patient, if feasible 4) Follow up on results of treatment

49
Q

Obstacles to Patient Care

A

availability of resources, nature of particular disease, and clinician’s ability to understand disease processes

50
Q

Reactions to Injury

A

Inflammation and Repair

Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals (4 decks)

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