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Human Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of arteries?

A

To carry blood away from the heart (always oxygenated apart from the pulmonary artery)

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the pulmonary artery?

A

Goes from the heart to the lungs

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3
Q

Arteries structure?

A

Have thick muscular walls, small passage ways for blood

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4
Q

What is the veins functions?

A

Carry blood to the heart (always deoxygenated)

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the pulmonary vein?

A

Goes from the lungs to the heart

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6
Q

Structure of the vein?

A

Thin walls, large passage ways, have valves to prevent blood flowing backwards

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7
Q

Function of the capillaries?

A

Where gas exchange takes place, oxygen passes through the capillary wall into the fissures while carbon dioxide passes from the tissues into the blood.

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8
Q

Where are capillaries found?

A

Muscles and lungs

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9
Q

Structure of capillaries

A

One cell thick - microscopic, very low blood pressure

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10
Q

What is the heart?

A

A muscular organ.

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11
Q

What’s the hearts function?

A

To pump blood

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12
Q

Where does the right side of the heart pump to?

A

The pulmonary circuit

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13
Q

Where does the left side of the heart pump to?

A

Systemic circuit

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14
Q

What separates the left and right side of the heart?

A

The septum

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15
Q

Why does the left side of the heart have thicker walls?

A

Because it needs to put the blood under higher pressure than the right side.

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16
Q

The tricuspid valve is on the ….. Of the heart

A

Right

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17
Q

The bicuspid valve is on the….of the heart

A

Left

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18
Q

What side of the heart is the vena cava vein on?

A

Right

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19
Q

What side of the heart is the aorta on?

A

Left

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20
Q

What side of the heart is the pulmonary artery on?

A

Right

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21
Q

What side of the heart is the pulmonary vein on?

A

Left

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22
Q

Are the ventricles placed above or below the valves?

A

Below

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23
Q

Are the atriums placed above or below the veins?

A

Below

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24
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit?

A

The pulmonary circuit transports blood to the lungs. The blood is oxygenated there and then carried back to the heart.

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25
What is the systemic circuit?
The systemic circuit transports blood around the body. It transports oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues and carries away deoxygenated blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste materials.
26
What are ventricles?
Large chambers in the heart, that collect and expel blood received from an atrium.
27
What is an atrium?
A chamber in which blood enters the heart, as opposed to the ventricle where it is pushed out.
28
What does blood contain?
Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
29
What is plasma and its role?
Is a straw colored liquid that makes up just over half the volume of blood. Transports carbon dioxide, digested food, urea, hormones and heat.
30
What are red blood cells and their role?
Transporting oxygen
31
What are white blood cells and their roles
Ingesting pathogens and producing antibodies
32
What are platelets and their role?
Involved in blood clotting
33
What is haemoglobin?
A red protein that combines with oxygen, found in red blood cells.
34
Red blood cells have no....
Nucleus
35
What are found in the human thorax?
Trachea, bronchi, alveoli, ribs, intercostal muscles, pleural membranes, diaphragm
36
Explain the circulatory system?
Blood is pumped away from the heart at high pressure in arteries, and returns to the heart at low pressure in veins. The human circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
37
What are the 7 systems?
Excretory, nervous, digestive, circulatory, reproductive, respiratory, muscles and skeletal
38
What would cause a blocked artery?
Too much cholesterol from fatty foods
39
What causes heart disease?
Genetics, diet, alcohol, smoking
40
What is the composition of air?
78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon.
41
How does the composition of air change during breathing?
Inhaled air contains more oxygen used for energy and less co2, Exhaled air contains more carbon produced as a waste product, less oxygen as it has been used in respiration.
42
What is respiration?
The release of energy from glucose in the muscles.
43
What is the respiration equation?
Glucose + Oxygen = Energy + Water + Carbon Dioxide
44
How does the respiratory system work?
Air comes into the body through the nose or mouth, and enters the airways. As the airways branch out, they become smaller and eventually connect to small air sacs where fresh oxygen from the air is exchanged for co2 in the blood. The oxygen is then taken to the rest of your body to create energy.
45
What is the trachea?
Your windpipe, which starts at the back of your throat
46
What is the bronchi?
You have two, left and right, that split of fun from the trachea to feed each lung.
47
What are bronchioles?
Tiny tubes that breach off the bronchi, extending throughout all of your lungs.
48
What is the alveoli?
These are the tiny air sacs that connect to each bronchiole. Blood passes through here.
49
What is the diaphragms?
Primary breathing muscles based at the base of your chest.
50
What's the effect of smoking on your respiratory system?
Swelling of the airways, irritation to windpipe and larynx, excess mucus in the lung passageways.
51
How does exercise ep affect your circulatory system?
Makes the heart pump faster pushing blood round your body at a faster rate.
52
What are chromosomes?
Thread like structures located in the nucleus of cells
53
Each pair of homologous chromosomes contains ... Chromosome that has been inherited from each parent
One
54
What are chromosomes made up of?
DNA
55
What is dna?
A chemical that contains instructions in order for the cell to make a copy of itself. Each strand of Dina gives humans particular traits
56
What is inherited variation?
Where people inherit characteristics from both parents and each person gets a different combination of features
57
Other characteristics are affected by a persons surrounding is called....
Environmental variation
58
The combination of your genes is called....
Genotype
59
Phenotype is...
Your physical features
60
Genotype of homozygous dominent?
BB
61
Genotype of heterozygous?
By
62
Genotype of homozygous recessive?
be

Science (6 decks)

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