human digestive system Flashcards
main function of digestive system
to digest food and absorb the nutrients obtained from digestion.
role of pancreas and salivary gland in digestive system.
-produce saliva, moistens food, makes it easier to chew and swallow, and releases amylase to start breaking down starch into sugars.
-pancreas- secretes carbohydrase and lipase which are transported to small intestine
role of the stomach?
-secretes protease which breaks down protein into amino acids
-contains hydrochloric acid which kills any bacteria present in food.
role of small intestine
-site where soluble food molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream.
-carbohydrase’s- break down carbohydrate’s into simple sugars
-lipases- break down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
-proteases- break down proteins into amino acids
role of liver
produces bile -which is stored in the gall bladder which emulsifies lipids and allows lipase enzyme to work more efficiently
role of large intestine-
-absorbs water from undigested food, producing faeces.
role of enzymes-
-act as biological catalysts which speed up rate of biological reactions- the breakdown of food - without being used up.
function of mouth
-food chewed - broken down into smaller pieces - mechanical digestion.
-amylase in saliva breaks down starch into maltose
function of oesophagus
carries food to stomach
how is the small intestine adapted
-many villi -increase surface area for absorption.
-walls of villi -one cell thick-gives short diffusion distance.
function of gall bladder
stores bile prior to release into small intestine
name of that transports bile from gall bladder to small intestine
bile duct
what is bile
Bile is a fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the gallbladder
two functions of bile in small intestine
- neutralises acid from stomach to provide optimum conditions for enzymes in small intestine.
-emulsifies lipids providing greater surface areas for lipases to digest them
rectum role
stores faeces prior to egestion
what process occurs via anus
egestion
egestion
removal of undigested waste
