chemistry of food Flashcards
name the three main compounds that make up the structure of a cell…
carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
role of carbohydrase’s in digestive system
break down carbohydrates into simple sugars during digestion.
-They are produced in the salivary glands, pancreas, and small intestine.
role of proteases in digestive system
break down protein into amino acids
Proteases are produced in the stomach (pepsin) , pancreas and small intestine.
role of lipase in digestive system
- first get emulsified by bile
break down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
- made in small intestine and pancreas
role of lipids in body
storing energy, insulating organs, and forming cell membranes.
role of carbohydrates in body
Most carbohydrates are broken down to glucose which can be used in cellular respiration to provide energy for metabolic reactions in cells
role of protein in body
Proteins are used for building structural components of tissues and cells in your body and are the basis of all enzymes and antibodies
all carbohydrates are made up of what
units of sugar
chemical formula of glucose
C6 H12 O6
what is glucose an example of
single sugar
what is starch an example of
complex carbohydrate
what is a simple sugar?
basic subunit of carbohydrate
example of simple sugar
glucose, sucrose
what elements are lipids made of (same as carbohydrates)?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
all lipids are _________ in water
insoluble
finish the sentence: lipids are made of three molecules of _________ ___________ joined to one molecule of _____________
fatty acids, glycerol
Why can proteins become denatured?
As the bonds holding the proteins in their 3D shapes are very sensitive to temperature and pH, being easily broken
why can lipids be either fats or oil
Different combinations of fatty acids
What is glucose used for by the body (broken down from carbohydrates)?
Used in cellular respiration to provide energy for metabolic reactions in cells
