catalysts and enzymes

Question 1

enzymes

Answer 1

Enzymes are proteins that act as biological catalysts - this means they speed up reactions without being used up.

Question 2

lock and key method

Answer 2

The substrate of the reaction to be catalysed fits into the active site. Once it is in place, the 2 bind together. This happens rapidly and the substrate splits into products which are released from the surface of the enzyme.

Question 3

how do enzymes work

Answer 3

Enzymes act by reducing activation energy, thereby increasing rate of reaction.

Question 4

Metabolic reactions

Answer 4

Enzymes don’t change after reaction.
Enzymes control the metabolism.

• metabolism -sum of all the reactions in the body. Different enzymes catalyse specific types of metabolic reactions

Question 5

Examples of metabolic reactions

Answer 5

-Building large molecules from lots of smaller ones. building starch, cellulose from glucose

-Changing one molecule into another. glucose to fructose

Breaking down large molecules into smaller ones. e.g breaking down lipids, protein excreta

Question 6

What are enzymes made of

Answer 6

Proteins which are made up of chains of amino acids that creates the unique shapes.

Question 7

Explain in detail how enzymes act to speed up reactions in your body.

Answer 7

Enzymes speed up reactions in your body by lowering the activation energy or the initial energy input necessary for most chemical reactions to occur. Heat cannot be added to a living system, so enzymes provide an alternate pathway: they bond with a substrate to form a “transition state,” an unstable intermediate complex that requires less energy for the reaction to proceed.

Question 8

What is catalysts and enzymes ?

Answer 8

Catalysts - chemical agent that speeds up chemical reaction without being consumed

enzymes -catalytic proteins.

Question 9

What is substrate?

Answer 9

reactant that enzyme is acting on is the substrate.
-place where the enzyme binds with substrate is the enzyme substrate complex.

Question 10

What is the active site ?

Answer 10

-restricted region of enzyme molecule that binds to substrate

Question 11

enzyme substrate complex

Answer 11

Enzymes and their active sites have very specific shapes.
- specific shape of each active site means only certain substrates can bind to it and form