Human Development and Life Cycle

Question 1

Emphasis on the primacy of human experience as shapers of behavior and wiring of the human brain

Answer 1

Psychodynamic Model

Question 2

Transferring of past feelings, experiences and memories to the present

Answer 2

Transference

Question 3

Who theorized the Biopsychosocial Model?

Answer 3

George Engel

Question 4

Something wrong with the body

Answer 4

Disease

Question 5

Something wrong with the mind

Answer 5

Disorder

Question 6

The optimal environment for growth and development

Answer 6

Material needs, protection from danger, 3As, 2Ds, new experiences

Question 7

3A

Answer 7

Approval, Acceptance, Affection

Question 8

2D

Answer 8

Demand, Discipline

Question 9

Who developed the 8 Psychosocial Stages of Development?

Answer 9

Erik Erickson

Question 10

Enumerate the stages (Freud and Erickson)

Answer 10

1) Infancy - Oral - Trust vs Mistrust
2) Toddler - Anal - Autonomy vs Shame
3) Preschool - Phallic - Initiative vs Guilt
4) School Age - Latency - Industry vs Inferiority
5) Adolescence - Adolescence - Identity vs Role Diffusion
6) Early Adult - Early Adult - Intimacy vs Isolation
7) Middle Age - Middle Age - Generativity vs Stagnation
8) Senescence - Old Age - Integrity vs. Despair

Question 11

Provides psychological comfort especially when she is away from primary caregiver

Answer 11

Transitional Objects

Question 12

Causal relationships between thoughts/actions and events

Answer 12

Magical Thinking

Question 13

Biologically determined tendency of a young child to seek proximity to the parent during times of stress; re-establishes sense of well-being

Answer 13

Attachment Theory

Question 14

Who developed the Attachment Development Theory?

Answer 14

Bowlby

Question 15

At what stage is the Oedipal Complex experienced?

Answer 15

Phallic (preschool)

Question 16

Normal resolution for the Oedipal Complex

Answer 16

Identification

Question 17

What are the outcomes of the Oedipal Complex?

Answer 17

Superego formation, gender role and repression

Question 18

Stage of remarkable moral growth: development of superego and conscience

Answer 18

Latency

Question 19

Emergent life phase

Answer 19

Adolescence

Question 20

Awkward period between the onset of sexual maturation and attaining adult status

Answer 20

Adolescence

Question 21

Psychological changes experienced in adolescence

Answer 21

Adolescence

Question 22

Hormonal changes ascribed to biological and physical changes

Answer 22

Puberty

Question 23

Puberty results from the activation of ____________

Answer 23

Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

Question 24

Gray matter growth spurt in the frontal lobe

Answer 24

Synaptic Pruning

Question 25

Responsible for the executive functions; among the last connections in the brain to be established

Answer 25

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Question 26

Addictions get started in adolescence due to the centers of pleasure found in the midbrain reward system. What are these centers?

Answer 26

Dopamine centers

Question 27

Stage where identity is built

Answer 27

Middle adolescence

Question 28

A staged characterized by more comfortable patterns of behavior, coping and intimacy

Answer 28

Late adolescence

Question 29

It is the stage of the peak of biological development

Answer 29

Early adulthood

Question 30

Prime of one’s life and career

Answer 30

Middle Adulthood

Question 31

Two primary fidelity and commitment conflicts encountered in middle adulthood

Answer 31

Marital crisis, empty nest syndrome

Question 32

Reflect neurobiological, cognitive and emotional development in the second half of life

Answer 32

Human Potential Phases

Question 33

Stage characterized by recapitulating, contribution and internal drive for reflection and spiritual connection

Answer 33

Late Adulthood

Question 34

Sets the upper limit of human life

Answer 34

Genetic Programming (wear-and-tear)

Question 35

Set biological clocks, protect chromosomes

Answer 35

Telomeres