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Principles and Perspectives > Ethics in Health Care > Flashcards

Ethics in Health Care Flashcards

1
Q

Discipline that examines one’s moral standards or standards of society

A

Ethics

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2
Q

Standards that one has about what is right and wrong, good or bad

A

Morality

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3
Q

Not established or changed by decision of particular authoritative bodies; preferred to other values; impartial

A

Moral standards

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4
Q

Who formulated the Stages of Theory of Moral Reasoning?

A

Lance Kohlberg

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5
Q

What was the dilemma presented in the Theory of Moral Reasoning?

A

Heinz Dilemma

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6
Q

Focus of pre-conventional stage

A

Me

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7
Q

Focus of conventional stage

A

Others, group

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8
Q

Focus of post-conventional stage

A

Global perspective

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9
Q

Respecting others and the rules that are needed for the good of all

A

Law and Order

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10
Q

Please others and earn their approval

A

Interpersonal Concordance

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11
Q

Feeling a sense of empathy

A

Individualism and Exchange

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12
Q

First stage in the Theory of Moral Reasoning

A

Reward and Punishment

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13
Q

Where ethical reasoning happens

A

Post-conventional stage

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14
Q

A commitment to the universal principles

A

Universal Principles

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15
Q

Universal principles (3)

A

Equality for all, social justice, respect for human dignity

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16
Q

Recognizes that all values and norms are relative, and that there are fair ways for reaching a consensus

A

Social contract and individual rights

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17
Q

Who came up with the Anatomy of an Ethical Decision?

A

Manuel Velasquez

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18
Q

What is the Anatomy of an Ethical Decision (5)

A

Moral standards > Gather information > Moral judgment > Choose a course of action > Communicate Well

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19
Q

Benefits and costs in consideration of the bigger group; greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

A

Utilitarianism

20
Q

Also known as the Categorical Imperative framework

A

Kantian Ethics

21
Q

It can be safely prescribed as a law for everyone

A

Categorical Imperative

22
Q

The 2 Principles of Kantian Ethics

A

Universality, Reversability

23
Q

Golden Rule: “What if everybody did that?”

A

Reversability

24
Q

Applied to anybody because they will agree with it

A

Universality

25
Q

Also known as the ethics of duty and rationality

A

Kantian Ethics

26
Q

Characteristics which make a person the best he/she could be

A

Virtue

27
Q

An action is right if it is what a virtuous person would do

A

Virtue Ethics

28
Q

Proponents of Virtue Ethics

A

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

29
Q

Self actualization will bring about _____________

A

Authentic happiness (eudaimonia)

30
Q

Emphasis on what can be done to produce the sort of character that instinctively does the right thing to do (habit, journey)

A

Virtue Ethics

31
Q

Communitarian Ethics

A

Ethics of Care

32
Q

Proponent of the Ethics of Care

A

Carol Gilligan

33
Q

True or False: Ethics of Care forces us to focus on the moral value of being impartial

A

False

34
Q

Recognition of the existence of a supernatural being, whose existence is a fact

A

Christian Ethics

35
Q

Self actualization is not an end of Christian Ethics, but is a ___________.

A

By-product

36
Q

Who was the proponent of the Hedonic Calculus?

A

Benham

37
Q

What are the variables measured to calculate utility?

A 
Intensity
Fecundity
Proximity
Purity
Certainty
Duration
38
Q

What are the four principles of ethics?

A

Non-maleficence
Beneficence
Respect for autonomy
Justice

39
Q

Requires intentionality regarding actions that can cause or risk harm

A

Non-maleficence

40
Q

Puts premium on benefits and happiness

A

Beneficence

41
Q

Acting in such a way that enables another person to act fully in accordance with self-chosen plan

A

Respect for autonomy

42
Q

Autonomy is present if person has

A

Liberty, agency

43
Q

Ought to give what is due a person

A

Justice

44
Q

Angeles Model of Ethical Reasoning (7)

A 
Gather information
Identify stakeholders
Articulate dilemma
Look at alternatives
Weigh values
Determine consequences
Make a decision
45
Q

Matrix of comparing values

A

Values upheld
Values compromised
Alternatives
Consequences

46
Q

Litmus test in making decision

A

Publicity
Legality
Time

47
Q

UNESCO Model of Ethical Decision Making

A 
Fact Deliberation
Value Deliberation
Duty Deliberation
Consistency test
Final Decision

Principles and Perspectives (13 decks)

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