Human Development Flashcards

Question

feeding milestones

Answer 1

3m-suckling patters (1m=liquid & 3m=pureed) 4m-jaw vertical, munching, bite and release 5m-pureed food off spoon 6m-tongue vertical 7m-jaw diagonal 9m-tongue lateral 12m-jaw firm & rotary chewing, fxn of spoon, dips spoon 15m-scoops food 24m-straw, fork, spoon master 5-7- take food from food 6-9- bangs spoon, suck on cracker, consumes soft foods 9-13- finger foods 12-14- dips spoon, brings spoon to mouth 15-18- scoops food with spoon

Answer 2

2-3y- interest, snips, open/close w control 3-4y- forward motion, lateral direction, straight line, simple geometric shapes, circles (3.5-4.5y) 4-6y- simple figure shapes 6-7y- complex figure shapes

Answer 3

1y-hands in sleeves, shoes off, cooperates 2y-pants down, removes unfastened coat 2.5y-large buttons, elastic pants 3y-shirt w/ min A, hooks/snaps/zippers, regular pants, dress w/ supervision but trouble with orientation 4y-ties shoes, understands orientation of clothing 4.5y-belt in loops 5y-knots, dresses independently 6y-bows, snaps back of clothing

Answer 4

3m-head control, supine🡪sideline 4m-hands together, props forward on arms 6m-begins to roll 7m-creeping on belly, bears wgt through legs, transition from sitting to kneeling 9m-walks with 2 hands held, cruises furniture, begins to crawl 10m-reciprocal crawl, w sitting, pulls to stand w/ furniture, voluntary release w/ wrist straight 12m-walk

Answer 5

Primitive grip (Palmar supinate grasps—fisted hand) (1 TO 1.5 YEARS) Transitional grip (Digital pronate grasp to static tripod grasp—pronated forearm to supinated forearm)(2 TO 4 YEARS) Mature grip (dynamic tripod grasp—opposition) (4.5 TO 6)

Answer 6

1yr=scribbles 2yr=imitates lines 3yr=copies lines and circle 4-5yrs=copies cross, oblique line, square, some letters/numbers, possibly write name 5-6 yrs = copy a triangle, write name, copy most letters from model

Answer 7

3m-Swipes 4m-Primitive squeeze 5m-Ulnar Palmar grasp 🡪 Palmar grasp 6m-Radial Palmar grasp w/ wrist flexed 7m-Radial Palmar grasp w/ wrist straight 8m-Radial Digital grasp/3 Jaw Chuck grasp

Answer 8

6m-Rakes 7m-Inferior Scissor grasp 8m-Scissor grasp 9m-Inferior Pincer grasp 10m-Pincer grasp 12m-Fine Pincer grasp

Answer 9

0-1m- no release 1m-4m - involuntary release 5-6m- two-stage transfer 6-7m- one-stage transfer 7-9m- voluntary release

Answer 10

12-18m- uses both hands 18-24m- manipulation skills 2 1/2 years- 2 different hands for 2 different functions

Answer 11

finger to palm (12-15m) (translation w/ stabilization): picking up coin palm to finger (2-21/2 years) (translation w/ stabilization): coin in slot shift (3-5 years(: linear mvmt to reposition objects (book pages, clay, on pencil) complex rotation (6-7 years): rotation of object 360*(writing, flip pencil to erase and back to write) simple rotation (2- 21/2 years): rotation of object 90* (unscrew bottle cap) tge translation w/ stabilization (6-7 years) : 5 pennies in palm, take one to tip of fingers while other are still in your palm

Answer 12

Stage 1- birth to 18 months, trust vs mistrust, Stage 2- 2- 4 years, autonomy vs doubt and shame, Stage 3- pre-school age, initiative vs guilt Stage 4- elementary school age, industry vs inferiority Stage 5- teenage years, self-identity vs role confusion Stage 6- young adulthood, intimacy/solidarity vs isolation, capacity to love Stage 7- middle adulthood, generativity vs self-absorption, capacity to care Stage 8- older adulthood, integrity vs despair, wisdom

Answer 13

sensorimotor period- birth to 2 years preoperational period- 2- 7 years concrete operations- 7 to 11 years formal operations- 11 to teen years

Answer 14

- info about pregnancy and birth history - medical history - developmental history - parent interview

Answer 15

Denver developmental screening test (1-6 months) Bayley Scales of Infant Development (1- 42 months) FirstSTEP screening test for preschoolers (2 years 9 months- 6 years 2 months) Hawaii Early Learning Profile (HELP)- preschoolers ages 3 -6 years old Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (2 years 9 months- 5 years 8 months) PEDI assessment (6 months- 7.5 years)

Answer 16

Play History - assesses play behavior and play opportunities - children and adolescents Knox Preschool Play scale - observations of play skills to differentiate development play aspects - 0 to 6 years Test of Playfulness - assess child playfulness - 15 months to 10 years Transdisciplinary play-based assessment - measures child's development to determine the need for services - infancy to six years

Answer 17

BOT assessment- 4- 21 years Erhardt Development- children of all ages and cognition levels Peabody developmental- birth to 6 years TIME assessment- birth to 3 years

Answer 18

Participation Scale (P Scale) - 15 years and older with physical disabilities School Function Assessment - elementary school-age children from grades K-6

Answer 19

- decrease in functional capacity - decrease in reaction time - decrease in muscle strength - slower movements - complaints of fatigue - loss of ROM - decrease in functional mobility - unsteady gait - loss of bone mass - postural changes - visual issues - sensory issues

Answer 20

- improve overall health (nutrition, medical problems) - increase levels of physical activities, - strength training - flexibility and ROM exercises

Answer 21

- postural exercises - weight-bearing (gravity-loading) exercises - nutritional, hormonal, medical therapies

Answer 22

- correct medical problems (improve cerebral blood flow) - improve health - increase levels of physical activity - improve motor learning and control

Answer 23

- blank spot in central visual field - not treatment for dry AMD - wet AMD can progress quickly - affects macula (scotomas) - affects reading, driving, managing medication and watching television

Answer 24

- damage to the retina - affects central and peripheral vision - results in blurry/hazy vision

Answer 25

- loss of peripheral vision - tunnel vision - difficulty scanning - decreased visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, light sensitivity, glare sensitivity - orientation and mobility are affected

Answer 26

- clouding of the lens - vision is hazy and blurry - central vision is affected

Answer 27

- visual field deficit - occurs after a neurological injury like CVA

Answer 28

- assess for hearing - assess for use of hearing aids - minimize auditory distractions (quiet environment) - speak slowly, clearly and directly in front of person at eye level - use nonverbal communication (gesture, demonstration) - written and demonstrated instructions - orient person when they can't hear a conversation - assistive devices to compensate for vision loss (vibrating/flashing smoke alarms, telephones, doorbells, clocks)

Answer 29

- improve health - increase physical activity - increase mental activity - provide multiple sensory to compensate and maximize learning (visual demonstrations, written instructions, verbal cues) - stimulating, enriching environment - reduce stress

Answer 30

- complete cardiopulmonary assessment before exercise system - individualized exercise program (yoga, tai chi, pool programs) - aerobic training programs - improve overall daily activity levels

Answer 31

1y- imitate 2y- pick up own toys w/ reminders 3y- clean up spills independently, helps w/ chores 4y-make own snacks and dry cereal, sorts laundry 5y- answer phone, sandwich, garbage, dirty clothes in laundry 6y- cross street, simple errands, household chores 7-9y-cooks meals with help, money, calls friends, puts clean clothes away 10-12y cooks meals with supervision, pet care, simple repairs, sets table 13y-cooks meals independently & laundry

Answer 32

- assess carefully - allow extra time for responses with increased thresholds - maximize physical contact (rubbing, stroking, tapping) - teach compensatory strategies - assistive devices and environment modifications - biofeedback devices (limb-load monitor)

Answer 33

- parent interview - medical/developmental history - observation of feeding - if child is at high risk of aspiration, recommend videofluoroscopy

Answer 34

- positioning for neutral pelvic alignment and trunk stability in caregiver's lap or chair

Answer 35

- neutral pelvic alignment and trunk stability in caregiver's lap or chair (infant seat or wheelchair)

Answer 36

- index finger under the child's lip - middle finger under jaw - place thumb on lateral end of mandible

Answer 37

- downward pressure of spoon on the middle aspect of tongue

Answer 38

- upward pressure of index finger under child's lip

Answer 39

firm upper pressure of middle finger under jaw

Answer 40

press spoon downward and hold onto tongue

Answer 41

long soft cooked vegetables between gum and teeth

Answer 42

- firm downward pressure w/ spoon when there is tonic bite reflex - prevent tongue retraction to avoid choking - facilitate lip closure for tongue thrust - decrease tactile sensitivity prior to feeding by providing firm pressure - thicker foods are easier to swallow and manage (especially if there's tongue thrust)

Answer 43

3-4m- supine to side 5-6m- prone to supine, supine to side w/ legs doing independent movements, supine to prone w/ legs doing independent movements 6-14m- segemental rolling w/ whole body

Answer 44

3-6m- banging and shaking objects 6-9m- pulling, turning, poking, tearing objects 8-9- puts objects in containers 9-12- pushing train or rolling a ball

Answer 45

6-9- finding toy covered by cloth, rolling to secure a toy, banging toy to hear noise 9-12- using a stick to bring toy closer to them 18-21- can operate an mechanical toy 21-24 - can use shape sorter 24-27- can discriminate between sizes 24-30- can build blocks horizontally and vertically