Gastrointestinal, Renal-Genitourinary, Endocrine, Immunological, and Integumentary Systems Disorders

Question 1

intervention for chronic kidney disease

Answer 1

• education about activity and participation precautions to minimize risks
• training in use of adaptive equipment and assistive mobility devices
• energy conversation and work simplification techniques
• lifestyle resign to change unhealthy habits
• education in community resources
• referrals to supportive counseling and driving rehab

Question 1

aspiration

Answer 1

• requires immediate action
• ## can clear airway by having person cough

Question 2

stages of cancer

Answer 2

• there are 4 stages on cancer
• conditions get worse from stage 1-4
• ex. stage 2 cancer requires a rehab approach, stage 4 cancer requires a palliative (end of life care) approach

Question 3

OT’s role in cancer

Answer 3

• Guide patients on functional retraining in self-care and leisure activities
• adaptive equipment
• Exercise is beneficial for improving exercise capacity, activity tolerance, and quality of life. But there are
  circumstances when exercise is not appropriate and can be contraindicated such as with bone cancer. It
  is important to always understand the activity orders, weight bearing restrictions, and activity
  parameters prescribed by the medical team
• Instruct patients in fall prevention and safety
• Improve coping strategies for managing stress and problems that come with cancer or it’s treatments

Question 4

signs and symptoms of diabetes

Answer 4

• frequent urination
• excessive thirst
• unexplained weight loss
• extreme hunger
• visual changes
• sensory changes (tingling/numbness) in hands/feet
• fatigue
• very dry skin
• slow-healing wounds
• increase rate of infections

Question 5

hyperglycemia

Answer 5

• can develop when a client with diabetes fails to take enough insulin or deviates from the
  prescribed diet
• Symptoms include fruity smelling breath, dry mouth, vomiting, SOB, loss of appetite,
  headache, nausea

Question 6

hyperglycemia treatment

Answer 6

• if the person is conscious, provide carbs like hard candy, fruit juice or honey
• if person is unconscious, call for immediate emergency care

Question 6

ketoacidosis

Answer 6

symptoms include dehydration, rapid and weak pulse, and acetone breath

requires immediate care, IV fluids and insulin are required

Question 7

stage 1 pressure ulcer

Answer 7

• redness over localized area, typically over bony prominence
• area may be soft or firm

Question 8

stage 2 pressure ulcer

Answer 8

• dermis with partial-thickness loss
• shallow open ulcer that can be shiny or dry
• can be a blister that is intact or open
• wound is red/pink without bruising

Question 9

stage 3 pressure ulcer

Answer 9

• full-thickness tissue loss
• ## subcutaneous fat is visible

Question 10

stage 4 pressure ulcer

Answer 10

• full-thickness loss with bone, tendon, muscle is visible

Question 11

unstageable pressure ulcer

Answer 11

full-thickness tissue loss with eschar and slough (necrotic tissue)

Question 12

intervention for ulcers

Answer 12

• use of wheelchair cushions and pressure-relief bed aids
• training in positioning and weight-shifting techniques
• training in proper skincare
• education on nutrition, healing, and recommended body weight