human development Flashcards
how does a parent respond to a child’s illness based off?
A family’s response to a child’s illness or injury is influenced by the child’s developmental level, previous experience with the medical system, coping strategies, culture, availability of support systems, and nature of the emergency.
how do you act with a as a professional while treating a child who is sick
a calm, professional manner gains trust from the caregivers and helps to establish control of a potentially emotional situation
Remain up-to-date with paediatric care to reduce provider stress
Common for providers to think about the paediatric situation after
Similar to interaction with adults, each paediatric patient is unique with a distinct personality
how do you communicate with a child who is sick?
Approach gently and at child’s eye level to initiate communication
Be honest with a child - distrust can interfere with assessment and management
Observing the child’s behaviour can provide clues to age-specific actions
Notice nonverbal clues as you approach the patient
what are the age developmental characteristics
infant- birth to 12 months
toddler 1-3 years
preschool 3-5 years
school-aged child 6-12 years
adolescent 13-18 years.
what is the development of birth-12 months
Do not elicit interactive behaviour - communicate predominantly by crying
Development varies dramatically by age in months
Vulnerable and have a limited number of behaviors
Infants younger than 2 months spend most of their time sleeping or eating
what is the development of toddler 1-3 years
Experience rapid changes in growth and development
Developmentally, it is a critical time in brain development and learned behaviours
By approximately 18 months of age, the toddlers are able to run, feed themselves, play with toys, and communicate with others
what is the development of a preschool 3-5 years
Creative, illogical, and literal thinkers
Not always able to distinguish between fantasy and reality
Have many misconceptions about illness, injury, and bodily functions - might think of a cut as “my insides leaking out”
Common fears include body mutilation, loss of control, death, darkness, and being left alone
Attention span is short
what is the development of school-aged children 6-12 years.
Talkative, analytical, and able to understand the concept of cause and effect
Feel a sense of accomplishment as they acquire new skills
Their knowledge of how bodies work may be sketchy, and they have limited ability to gauge the seriousness of a particular illness or injury
With a careful choice of words, they can understand simple explanations about their bodies, and they like to be involved in their own care
what is the development of 13-18 years adolescents
Sometimes seem to share some characteristics of toddlers: They are very mobile but may lack common sense
Rational, understand cause and effect, and are able to express themselves with words
A time of experimentation and risk-taking behaviours
Often believe they are immune to danger, that they are “indestructible”
what is the respiratory rate of the different groups of ages.
infant- 30- 60
toddler- 24-40
preschool- 22-34
school aged child 18-30
adolescent- 12-16
what is the heart rate for an infant
100-160
what is the heart rate for a toddler
90-150
what is the heart rate for a preschooler
80-140
what is the heart rate for a school aged child
70-120
what is the heart rate of a adolescent
60-100
