coping with illness and disability Flashcards
what is the biomedical model?
THE BIOMEDICAL MODEL: Pre-dominant model used by physicians in diagnosing diseases.
Health constitutes the freedom from disease, pain, or defect, making the normal human condition “healthy”.
what is the BIOPSYCHOSOCIAL MODEL
Recognising that each patient has his or her own thoughts, feelings, and history. biological, social and psychological
whats the difference between internal and external behaviour?
internal is about helping your own health, external is only be able to do what the doctor suggest
what is UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM (OPTIMISM BIAS)
A cognitive bias that causes someone to believe that they themselves are less likely to experience a negative event.
what is UNREALISTIC OPTIMISM
Lack of personal experience with the problem.
The belief that the problem is preventable by individual action.
what are the stages of the change model?
-precontemplation “happy about smoking and will continue”
- contemplation- “i have been coughing alot perhaps i should stop”
- preparation- “i will buy lower tar fags”
- action- “i have stopped smoking”
maintenance- “it has been 4 months without smoking”
what is the THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL BECKER AND ROSENSTOCK (1987)
Predict preventative health behaviours and the behavioural response to treatment.
People’s beliefs about health problems, perceived benefits of action and barriers to action, and self-efficacy explain engagement (or lack of engagement) in health-promoting behaviour.
what are the different modifying variables?
Demographic variables: age, sex, race, ethnicity, and education,
Psychosocial variables: personality, socioeconomics, and peers
Structural variables: knowledge about a given disease and prior contact with the disease
what is PERCEIVED SEVERITY
Individuals who perceive a given health problem as serious are more likely to engage in behaviours to prevent the health problem from occurring or reduce its severity.
what is PERCEIVED SUSCEPTIBILITY
Individuals who perceive that they are susceptible to a particular health problem will engage in behaviours to reduce their risk
what is PERCEIVED BENEFITS
An individual’s assessment of the value or efficacy of engaging in a health- promoting behaviour.
what is self efficency
An individual’s perception of their competence to successfully perform a behaviour.
what is CUE TO ACTION, OR TRIGGER
Necessary for prompting engagement in health-promoting. behaviours. Cues can be internal or external.
what is ‘illness beliefs’
The patient’s own implicit, common-sense beliefs about his or her illness
what are the coping mechanisms?
normalising, denial, avoidance, recognition, accomadation.
