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PSYC211 > Human communication > Flashcards

Human communication Flashcards

1
Q

What is the dominant hemisphere for the majority of the population?

A

Left hemisphere

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2
Q

What is the function of the non-dominant hemisphere for lanaguage?

A

Understanding the prosody (non-literal meaning of speech)

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3
Q

What is the function of the dominant hemisphere for language?

A

understand the literal meaning of words

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4
Q

What is prosody?

A

The way in which humans convey non-literal meaning through their language (cadence, rythm, emotion, emphasis, tone)

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5
Q

Where is the recognition of voices located?

A

in the non-dominant hemisphere

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6
Q

What is phonagnosia?

A

difficulty in recognizing voices

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7
Q

What causes phonagnosia?

A

damage to the right superior temporal cortex

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8
Q

Which side of the brain is included in the comprehension of metaphores?

A

The non-dominant side

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9
Q

What are the two generic types of aphasia?

A
  • deficits of speaking
  • deficits of understanding
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10
Q

What causes aphasias associated with deficits of speaking?

A
  • damage to the frontal lobe
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11
Q

What causes aphasias associated with deficits of understanding?

A

sensory association cortex

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12
Q

What types of aphasia are associated with deficits in understanding language?

A
  • posterior aphasia
  • sensory aphasia
  • receptive aphasia
  • wernicke’s aphasia
  • fluent aphasia
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13
Q

What types of aphasia are associated with deficits in speaking?

A
  • anterior aphasia
  • motor aphasia
  • expressive aphasia
  • broca’s aphasia
  • non-fluent aphasia
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14
Q

Where does the word-to-thought/though-to-word process occur?

A

posterior language area

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15
Q

What is the function of Wernicke’s area?

A

Spoken word perception

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16
Q

What is the function of Broca’s area?

A
  • word choice
  • sequencing
  • grammar
  • articulation
  • speech production
17
Q

What causes transcortical sensory aphasia?

A

damage to the posterior language area

18
Q

What are the symptoms of transcortical sensory aphasia?

A
  • failure to comprehend the meaning of words and an inability to express thoughts with meaningful speech
  • word perception/speaking can be fine
19
Q

Where are located the strokes that cause the majority of language deficiencies?

A

left hemisphere

20
Q

What characterizes conduction aphasia?

A

Inability to repeat the exact words that were heard

21
Q

What brain structure is responsible to hear?

A

primary auditory cortex

22
Q

What causes conduction aphasia?

A

damge to the arcuate fasciculus (axons that connect wernicke’s and Broca’s areas

23
Q

What area of the brain is responsible for recognizing words?

A

wernicke’s area

24
Q

What area of the brain is responsible for the COMPREHENSION of words?

A

posterior language area

25
Q

Where is Wernicke’s area situated?

A

in the auditory association cortex, on the left temporal lobe

26
Q

What characterizes pure word deafness?

A

Inability to comprehend or repeat spoken word, but perfect hearing abilities, ability to recognize other types of sounds as well as a capacity to comprehend written language and speak intellegibly

27
Q

What causes pure word deafness?

A

damage to Wernicke’s area

28
Q

What causes Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

damage to wernicke’s area AND the posterior language area

29
Q

What is the defining feature of Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

poor language comprehension (cannot speak or understand words)

30
Q

How is the speech of a person with Wernicke’s aphasia characterized?

A
  • fluent
  • completely meaningless
  • prosody
31
Q

What disorders is Wernicke’s aphasia a compound of?

A
  • pure word deafness
  • transcortical sensory aphasia
32
Q

What is the difference between Wernicke’s aphasia and transcortical sensory aphasia?

A

patients with wernicke’s aphasia are completely incapable of repeating words that are said to them, as they do not recognize words at all. Patients with transcortical sensory aphasia do not know what the words mean, but they are able to repeat them.

33
Q

What is the relation between Wernicke’s aphasia and transcortical sensory aphasia?

A
  • damage to the same area of the brain (could not differentiate them with a brain scan)
34
Q

What are the symptoms of Broca’s aphasia?

A
  • inability to express themselves
  • inability to repeat
  • Articulation issues (slow/awkward/meaningless speech
  • agrammatism
  • anomia
35
Q

What causes pure alexia?

A
  • damage to the visual word form area
36
Q

Where is situated the word-form visual area?

A
  • fusiform gyrus of the left hemisphere
37
Q

What are the characteristics of pure alexia?

A

inability to recognize written words, but are still able to understand spoken words, express themselves and write

PSYC211 (21 decks)

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