Human Cells: Human Genomics Flashcards
What is the genome of an organism?
Its hereditary information encoded in DNA
An organism’s genome is made up of what?
Genes, which are DNA sequences that code for protein and other DNA sequences that do not code for proteins
Most of the genome consists of what?
Non-coding sequences
What do non-coding sequences include?
Those that regulate transcription and those that are transcribed into RNA but are not translated
What are tRNA and rRNA?
Non-translated forms of RNA
What happens in genomic sequencing?
The sequence of nucleotide bases can be determined for individual genes and entire genomes
Computer programs can be used to identify what?
Base sequences by looking for sequences that are similar to known genes
What is required to compare sequence data?
Computer and statistical analyses (bioinformatics) are required
An individual’s genome can be analysed to predict what?
The likelihood of developing certain diseases
What is pharmacogenetics?
The use of genome information in the choice of drugs
What is personalised medicine based on?
An individual’s genome
An individual’s personal genome sequence can be used to select what?
The most effective drugs and dosage to treat their disease (personalised medicine)
