Human Cells: Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is glycolysis?
The breakdown of glucose to pyruvate in the cytoplasm
ATP is required for what, leading to what?
The phosphorylation of glucose and intermediates during the energy investment phase of glycolysis.
The generation of more ATP during the energy pay-off stage and results in a net gain of ATP.
Pyruvate progresses to where?
The citric acid cycle if oxygen is available
What happens in aerobic conditions?
Pyruvate is broken down to an acetyl group that combines with coenzyme A forming acetyl coenzyme A
What happens in the citric acid cycle?
The acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate
What happens during a series of enzyme-controlled steps?
Citrate produced in the citric acid cycle is gradually converted back into oxaloacetate which results in the generation of ATP and release of carbon dioxide
Where does the citric acid cycle occur?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
What happens in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?
Dehydrogenase enzymes remove hydrogen ions and electrons and pass them to the coenzyme NAD, forming NADH
Hydrogen ions and electrons from NADH are passed to where?
The electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the electron transport chain?
A series of carrier proteins attached to the inner mitochondrial membrane
Electrons are passed along the electron transport chain releasing what?
The energy which allows hydrogen ions to be pumped across the inner mitochondrial membrane
The return flow of hydrogen ions back through the membrane protein ATP synthase results in what?
The synthesis of ATP
Hydrogen ions combine with oxygen to form what?
Water
ATP is used to do what?
Transfer energy from cellular respiration to synthesis processes and other cellular processes which require energy
