Human body systems vocab

Question 1

Circulatory system

Answer 1

The body system responsible for carrying blood, nutrients, and waste throughout the body

Question 2

Cardiac

Answer 2

Related to the heart

Question 3

Pulmonary

Answer 3

Related to the lungs

Question 4

Artery

Answer 4

Blood vessel that moves blood away from the heart

Question 5

Vein

Answer 5

Blood vessel that moves blood toward the heart

Question 6

Aorta

Answer 6

Major artery that carries blood to the systemic circulatory system

Question 7

Capillary

Answer 7

Small blood vessel that allows nutrient exchange

Question 8

Atrium

Answer 8

Upper chamber of the heart

Question 9

Ventricle

Answer 9

Lower chamber of the heart

Question 10

pulmonary circuit

Answer 10

provides blood flow between the heart and lungs.

Question 11

systemic circuit

Answer 11

allows blood to flow to and from the rest of the body.

Question 12

coronary circuit

Answer 12

strictly provides blood to the heart

Question 13

Respiratory system

Answer 13

The body system responsible for gas exchange between the body and the external environment

Question 14

Pharynx (throat)

Answer 14

Tube connected the nose/mouth to the esophagus

Question 15

Larynx (voice box)

Answer 15

Tube forming a passage between the pharynx and trachea

Question 16

Trachea

Answer 16

Tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs

Question 17

Bronchi

Answer 17

Branches of tissue stemming from the trachea

Question 18

Bronchiole

Answer 18

Airway that extends from the bronchus

Question 19

Alveoli

Answer 19

Structures of the lung where gas exchange occurs

Question 20

Diaphragm

Answer 20

Thoracic muscle that lays beneath the lungs and aids in inhalation/exhalation

Question 21

External respiration

Answer 21

breathing

Question 22

internal respiration

Answer 22

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels.

Question 23

Digestive system

Answer 23

The body system that converts food into energy and nutrients to fuel the body

Question 24

Chemical digestion

Answer 24

The breaking down of food using chemical agents, such as enzymes and bile

Question 25

Mechanical digestion

Answer 25

The breaking down of food by physical means, such as chewing

Question 26

Absorption

Answer 26

The process by which nutrients pass through the walls of the digestive system into the blood

Question 27

Excretory system

Answer 27

The body system that removes metabolic wastes from the body

Question 28

Excretion

Answer 28

The process of removing wastes and excess water from the body

Question 29

esophagus

Answer 29

Acts as a connection between the mouth and the stomach, but no digestion occurs here

Question 30

bolus

Answer 30

chewed food with saliva

Question 31

chyme

Answer 31

The liquid bolus is turned into in the stomach

Question 32

pepsin

Answer 32

Enzyme that breaks down most of the protein in food in our stomach

Question 33

small intestine

Answer 33

Where most chemical digestion takes place and nutrient absorption

Question 34

Bile

Answer 34

Made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, released to help digest fats

Question 36

large intestine

Answer 36

water is removed and bacteria break down some indigestible materials, producing important compounds (such as vitamin K)

Question 37

feces

Answer 37

concentrated waste material that remains at the end of the digestive system

Question 38

anus

Answer 38

The opening of the rectum

Question 39

Salivary glands

Answer 39

moisten food and begin chemical digestion of starches

Question 40

Liver

Answer 40

creates bile for fat digestion, detoxifies blood, processes absorbed vitamins

Question 41

Gallbladder

Answer 41

stores bile produced by the liver

Question 42

Pancreas

Answer 42

secretes pancreatic juices to help digestion of proteins and carbohydrates

Question 43

kidneys

Answer 43

major organs of excretion pair of bean-shaped organs located below the liver filter blood and regulate water balance in the body

Question 44

Urinary tract

Answer 44

a major part of the excretory system filters wastes and water from the blood, and eliminates them from the body.

Question 45

nephrons

Answer 45

special functional units in the kidneys Filtration: Blood enters a nephron, which filters out impurities.

Question 46

ureters

Answer 46

tubes from the kidneys to the (urinary ) bladder

Question 47

urethra

Answer 47

the duct(tube) from the bladder to outside the body