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ThrillerHomeschoolBiology > Human body systems vocab > Flashcards

Human body systems vocab Flashcards

1
Q

Circulatory system

A

The body system responsible for carrying blood, nutrients, and waste throughout the body

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2
Q

Cardiac

A

Related to the heart

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3
Q

Pulmonary

A

Related to the lungs

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4
Q

Artery

A

Blood vessel that moves blood away from the heart

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5
Q

Vein

A

Blood vessel that moves blood toward the heart

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6
Q

Aorta

A

Major artery that carries blood to the systemic circulatory system

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7
Q

Capillary

A

Small blood vessel that allows nutrient exchange

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8
Q

Atrium

A

Upper chamber of the heart

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9
Q

Ventricle

A

Lower chamber of the heart

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10
Q

pulmonary circuit

A

provides blood flow between the heart and lungs.

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11
Q

systemic circuit

A

allows blood to flow to and from the rest of the body.

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12
Q

coronary circuit

A

strictly provides blood to the heart

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13
Q

Respiratory system

A

The body system responsible for gas exchange between the body and the external environment

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14
Q

Pharynx (throat)

A

Tube connected the nose/mouth to the esophagus

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15
Q

Larynx (voice box)

A

Tube forming a passage between the pharynx and trachea

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16
Q

Trachea

A

Tube connecting the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs

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17
Q

Bronchi

A

Branches of tissue stemming from the trachea

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18
Q

Bronchiole

A

Airway that extends from the bronchus

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19
Q

Alveoli

A

Structures of the lung where gas exchange occurs

20
Q

Diaphragm

A

Thoracic muscle that lays beneath the lungs and aids in inhalation/exhalation

21
Q

External respiration

A

breathing

22
Q

internal respiration

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between the cells and blood vessels.

23
Q

Digestive system

A

The body system that converts food into energy and nutrients to fuel the body

24
Q

Chemical digestion

A

The breaking down of food using chemical agents, such as enzymes and bile

25
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

The breaking down of food by physical means, such as chewing

26
Q

Absorption

A

The process by which nutrients pass through the walls of the digestive system into the blood

27
Q

Excretory system

A

The body system that removes metabolic wastes from the body

28
Q

Excretion

A

The process of removing wastes and excess water from the body

29
Q

esophagus

A

Acts as a connection between the mouth and the stomach, but no digestion occurs here

30
Q

bolus

A

chewed food with saliva

31
Q

chyme

A

The liquid bolus is turned into in the stomach

32
Q

pepsin

A

Enzyme that breaks down most of the protein in food in our stomach

33
Q

small intestine

A

Where most chemical digestion takes place and nutrient absorption

34
Q

Bile

A

Made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder, released to help digest fats

35
Q
A
36
Q

large intestine

A

water is removed and bacteria break down some indigestible materials, producing important compounds (such as vitamin K)

37
Q

feces

A

concentrated waste material that remains at the end of the digestive system

38
Q

anus

A

The opening of the rectum

39
Q

Salivary glands

A

moisten food and begin chemical digestion of starches

40
Q

Liver

A

creates bile for fat digestion, detoxifies blood, processes absorbed vitamins

41
Q

Gallbladder

A

stores bile produced by the liver

42
Q

Pancreas

A

secretes pancreatic juices to help digestion of proteins and carbohydrates

43
Q

kidneys

A

major organs of excretion
pair of bean-shaped organs located below the liver
filter blood and regulate water balance in the body

44
Q

Urinary tract

A

a major part of the excretory system
filters wastes and water from the blood, and eliminates them from the body.

45
Q

nephrons

A

special functional units in the kidneys

Filtration: Blood enters a nephron, which filters out impurities.

46
Q

ureters

A

tubes from the kidneys to the (urinary )
bladder

47
Q

urethra

A

the duct(tube) from the bladder to outside the body

ThrillerHomeschoolBiology (10 decks)

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