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Biology > Human Body Systems > Flashcards

Human Body Systems Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many bones are in the human body?

A

206

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2
Q

Where is the smallest bone?

A

the ear

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3
Q

What is the largest bone?

A

the femur

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4
Q

Functions of the skeletal system (5)

A
  • support the body
  • anchor muscle
  • protect organs
  • makes blood and manufactures it
  • stores minerals
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5
Q

composition of bone structure

A
  • living cells

- minerals

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6
Q

what minerals make up bone?

A
  • calcium

- phosphorus

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7
Q

Joints-

A

Connection where 2 bones meet

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8
Q

3 types of joints

A

freely movable joints, slightly movable joints, and immovable joints

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9
Q

what is an immovable joint

A

cranium

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10
Q

ligments

A

connect bone to bone

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11
Q

tendons

A

connect muscle to bone

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12
Q

Bone marrow makes ____ blood cells a day

A

1,000,000,000,000

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13
Q

what fraction of the bone matrix is proteins?

A

2/3

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14
Q

what fraction of the bone matrix is calcium phosphate?

A

1/3

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15
Q

What are the two layers of the bone matrix?

A
  • compact/cortical bone

- -spongey/trabecular bone

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16
Q

which vitamin helps absorb calcium?

A

vitamin D

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17
Q

bones constantly build and break down t/f

A

true

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18
Q

What is a sprain?

A

injured ligaments and or tendons when a joint is twisted

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19
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system (3)

A
  • locomotion
  • movement of food through the digestive system
  • pumping of blood
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20
Q

what is locomotion?

A

movement or the ability to move from one place to another

21
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle?

A
  • smooth
  • cardiac
  • skeletal
22
Q

where is smooth muscle found?

A

internal organs and blood vessels

23
Q

where is cardiac muscle found?

A

the heart

24
Q

the heart is a muscle t/f

A

true

25
Q

what attaches skeletal muscle to the bone?

A

tendons

26
Q

which types of muscles are involuntary?

A

smooth and cardiac

27
Q

which type of muscle is voluntary?

A

skeletal

28
Q

what is an involuntary muscle?

A

a muscle that contracts without conscious control and found in walls of internal organs such as stomach and intestine and bladder and blood vessels (excluding the heart) smooth muscle.

29
Q

what is the shape of muscle cells?

A

a bundle

30
Q

a muscle bundle consists of structures called….

A

myofibrils

31
Q

what are myofibrils made of?

A

-Actin: thin filament
-Myosin: thick filament
both are proteins

32
Q

role of ATP in muscles

A

relaxes muscles by separating myosin from actin

33
Q

rigor mortis is

A

the striffining of voluntary and involuntary muscles due to lack of atp

34
Q

largest muscle

A

gluteus maximus

35
Q

what percentage of the body is muscle mass?

A

40-50%

36
Q

Sliding Filament Theory

A

the binding of myosin to actin, forming cross-bridges that generate filament movement .

37
Q

muscles work separately t/f

A

false, muscles work in pairs

38
Q

flexor

A

bends the joint

39
Q

extensor

A

straightens the joint

40
Q

muscles are always slightly contracted t/f

A

true

41
Q

strenuous activity

A

working out really hard so you have lack of oxygen, therefore the muscles undergo lactic acid fermentation

42
Q

why do you breathe harder while working out?

A

because you are working harder so your muscles need more oxygen quicker so that they don’t have to undergo lactic acid fermentation

43
Q

what determines strength?

A
  • fiber thickness

- how many muscles can contract at 1 time

44
Q

Anabolic steroids act as

A

testosterone

45
Q

what do anabolic steroids do?

A

fools the body into building up muscles

46
Q

what body parts are involved in the digestive system? (7)

A
  • mouth
  • pharynx
  • esophagus
  • stomach
  • small intestine
  • large intestine (colon)
  • rectum and anus
47
Q

Too much water absorbed by the large intestine causes

A

constapation

48
Q

Not enough water absorbed by the large intestine causes

A

diarrhea

Biology (9 decks)

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