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Biology > Cell Transport > Flashcards

Cell Transport Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define Diffusion

A
  • Process of moving molecules from HIGH to LOW concentration
  • Must allow certain things in and out of the cell
  • Uses Permeability
  • Equilibrium
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2
Q

Define Equilibrium

A

equal concentration on either side

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3
Q

Define Permeability

A

a property that determines whether or not things can pass (semi or selectively)

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4
Q

Semi or Selectively Permeability is based on…

A

size and molecular structure (polarity)

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5
Q

Carbohydrates are like….

A

barcodes

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6
Q

Purpose of the Cell Membrane

A

to filter what enters and exits the cell

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7
Q

The Cell Membrane is Made Up Of (5)

A
  • phospholipids
  • proteins
  • cholesterol
  • carbohydtrates
  • glycolipids
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8
Q

What Types of Substances Easily Move Through (diffuse) the Membrane?

A

-really small
-no charge
EX: CO2 and Oxygen

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9
Q

Characteristics of a HYDROPHILIC HEAD

A
  • like water
  • have a charge
  • polar
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10
Q

Characteristics of HYDROPHOBIC TAIL

A
  • don’t like water
  • no charge
  • nonpolar
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11
Q

Amphipatic is

A

part hydrophilic, part hydrophobic

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12
Q

Selective Permeability is

A

cells only allow specific things in and out of the membrane

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13
Q

The Cell Wall’s Purpose is

A
  • additional selective permeability
  • rigidity
  • protective
  • supportive
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14
Q

A Plant’s Cell Wall is Made of

A

Cellulose

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15
Q

Bacteria’s Cell Wall is Made of

A

Peptidoglycin

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16
Q

Fungi Cell Walls are Made of

A

Chitin

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17
Q

HYDROPHILIC

A
  • polar
  • absorbs, mixes, dissolves in water
  • takes time and is hard to pass through the membrane
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18
Q
  • polar
  • absorbs, mixes, dissolves in water
  • takes time and is hard to get through the membrane
A

hydrophilic

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19
Q

Heads or tails? -HYDROPHILIC

A

phosphorous heads

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20
Q

Heads or tails? -HYDROPHOBIC

A

lipid tails

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21
Q

True or false?
Unsaturated fats aid the membrane in moving molecules across it because unsaturated fats are fluid, so it’s easier for materials to move through it

A

TRUE

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22
Q

Functions of the Cell Membrane (5)

A
  • regulate what enters and exits the cell
  • aids in protection and support of the cell
  • communicates with other cells
  • bring in materials
  • remove waste
23
Q

Cells exist in what type of environment?

A

liquid

24
Q

Solute is

A

the dissolved material

ex. powder like koolaid

25
Q

Solvent is

A

the dissolving material

ex. water

26
Q

The more SOLUTE…

A

the higher the concentration

27
Q

Osmosis is

A
  • water’s movement

- diffusion of water

28
Q

Osmotic Pressure is

A

water moving to balance the concentration (in osmosis)

29
Q

Exocitosis

A

exiting the cell

30
Q

Endocytosis

A

entering the cell

31
Q

Turgid

A

hypotonic

ex: firm plants

32
Q

Flaccid

A

isotonic

ex: limp plants

33
Q

Plasmolyzed

A

hypertonic

ex: dead plants

34
Q

Function of Contractile Vacuoles

A

help pump out access water

ex: paramecium

35
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

diffusion with the use of channel proteins

-does not require energy (passive)

36
Q

Facilitated Diffusion only happens when there is a

A

concentration gradient

37
Q

Facilitated Diffusion moves molecules from

A

high to low concentration

38
Q

Active transport is

A

diffusion against the concentration gradient

-requires energy

39
Q

A Protein Pump is

A

Active Transport

40
Q

Active Transport moves molecules from

A

low to high concentration

41
Q

A Sodium Potassium is

A

Active Transport

42
Q

Diffusion and Facilitated Diffusion are

A

Passive Transport

43
Q

The two mechanisms of Bulk Transport are…

A
  • Exocytosis

- Endocytosis

44
Q

Bulk Transport requires

A

ATP

45
Q

Bulk Transport transports

A

large molecules with large proteins

46
Q

Prokaryote

A

cells without a membrane

47
Q

Eukayote

A

cells with a nucleus and organalles

48
Q

Hypertonic

A

having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid
higher percentage of solute than solvent
ex. more powder than water

49
Q

Function of glycolipids

A

-provide energy

made up of fat and sugar

50
Q

Function of hydrophilic phospholipid heads

A

to form the outer layer of the membrane’s bilayer

51
Q

Function of hydrophobic phospholipid tails

A

to form the inner layer of the membrane’s bilayer

52
Q

Function of integral proteins

A

transport channels, linkers

stays attached to the membrane (runs through it)

53
Q

Hypotonic

A

having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid
higher percentage of solvent than solute
ex: more water than powder

54
Q

Isotonic

A

having equal osmotic pressure (equal balance of solute and solvent)

Biology (9 decks)

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