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Biology > Animal Unit > Flashcards

Animal Unit Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How many kingdoms are there?

A

Six Major Ones

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2
Q

What are the names of the Kingdoms

A

Plantae, Animalia, Fungi, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria

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3
Q

What kingdom are we studying?

A

Animalia

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4
Q

3 requirements for animal kingdom

A

eukaryotic organisms
multicellular
heterotrophic

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5
Q

What does eukaryotic mean?

A

any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.

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6
Q

Percentage of animals that are invertebrates

A

95%

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7
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the top/backside

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8
Q

Ventral

A

Towards the bottom/belly

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9
Q

Anterior

A

Towards the head end

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10
Q

Posterior

A

Towards the tail end

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11
Q

What is asymmetry?

A

No true body symmetry

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12
Q

Which phylum is asymmetrical?

A

Porifera- sponges

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13
Q

What is radial symmetry?

A

Circular arrangement with
numerous planes creating equal halves; no
front/back or left/right side. Does have a top and a bottom

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14
Q

Which phylums have radical symmetry?

A

Cnidaria and Echinodermata

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15
Q

What is bilateral symmetry?

A

has a right/left side

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16
Q

What is the most advanced form of symmetry?

A

Bilateral symmetry

because of cephalization

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17
Q

cephalization

A

the concentration of sense organs, nervous control, etc., at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain, both during evolution and in the course of an embryo’s development.

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18
Q

Sessile

A

Not a free
moving organism.
Stays in one spot,
attached to a base.

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19
Q

Hermaphrodite

A

Both
ovaries and testes, and
both MUST work.

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20
Q

Invertebrate

A

No backbone/spinal column

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21
Q

Vertebrate

A

Has a backbone/spinal column

22
Q

Symmetry and Lifestyle Notes

A

Many radial animals are sessile or planktonic
and need to meet the environment equally well
from all sides.

23
Q

Symmetry and Lifestyle Notes 2

A

Animals that move actively are bilateral, such
that the head end is usually first to encounter
food, danger, and other stimuli.

24
Q

Germ Layers

A

cell layers of the embryo that give rise to body tissues.

25
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outer germ layer

26
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle Germ Layer

27
Q

Endoderm

A

Inner Germ Layer

28
Q

Ectoderm becomes…

A

skin

29
Q

Endoderm becomes…

A

the digestive tract, also liver and lungs

30
Q

Mesoderm becomes…

A

muscles and bone and most organs

31
Q

Coelom

A

body cavity

32
Q

-ate

A

animal

33
Q

Acoelomate

A

no body cavity

34
Q

Pseudocoelomate

A

“false” body cavity

35
Q

Coelomate

A

true body cavity

36
Q

Blastula

A

an animal embryo at the early stage of development when it is a hollow ball of cells.

37
Q

Purpose of Body Cavity

A

fluid cushions the internal organs, fluid of the body cavity can function as a hydrostatic skeleton against which muscles can work, enables the internal organs to grow and move independently of the outer body wall.

38
Q

Protostomes

A
  • Spiral cleavage

- Development of the mouth from the blastopore

39
Q

Deuterostomes

A
  • Radial cleavage

- Development of the anus from the blastopore

40
Q

mollusks, annelids, arthropods belong to

A

Protostomes

41
Q

echinoderms, chordates

A

Deuterostomes

42
Q

Cleavage

A

The act or state of splitting or dividing of a cell, particularly during the telophase of (animal) cell division.

43
Q

What kind of coelom does a platyhelminthes have?

A

Acoelomate

44
Q

What kind of coelom does nematoda have?

A

Pseudocoelomates

45
Q

What kind of coelom do mollusca have?

A

Coelomate

46
Q

Deuterostome

A

Has a true body cavity (coelom) and they share a common ancestor

47
Q

Phylogenetic Tree

A

a branching diagram that shows evolutionary relationships

48
Q

Zygote

A

a diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum

49
Q

How many phylums are there

A

9

50
Q

List the phylums in order

A 
PORIFERA
CNIDARIA
PLATYHELMINTHES
NEMATODA
MOLLUSCA
ANNELIDA
ARTHOPODA
ECHINODERMATA
CHORDATA

Biology (9 decks)

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