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7th Science > Human Body Systems 2015 > Flashcards

Human Body Systems 2015 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

the maintaining of a constant internal environment when outside conditions change

A

Homeostasis

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2
Q

skeletal system

A

the organ system that supports and protects the body and produces red blood cells.

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3
Q

Ligament

A

Connect bones to other bones

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4
Q

Joint

A

A place where 2 or more bones connect.

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5
Q

Muscular System

A

the organ system that allows your body to move and be flexible.

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6
Q

Tendon

A

Connects bones to muscles.

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7
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

the organ system that transports blood throughout your body.

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8
Q

Blood

A

carries gases, nutrients, and wastes throughout the body.

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9
Q

Lymphatic system

A

a group of organs and tissues that collect the fluid that leaks from blood.

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10
Q

Lymph

A

The leaked fluid that is absorbed by the lymphatic system

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11
Q

Lymph Nodes

A

small bean-shaped organs that remove pathogens and dead cells from lymph.

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12
Q

artery

A

blood vessels that carry blood away from your heart.

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13
Q

Capillaries

A

a tiny blood vessels that allow the exchanges between body cells and the blood.

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14
Q

Vein

A

a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.

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15
Q

Respiratory system

A

the group of organs that take in oxygen and gets rid of CO2

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16
Q

Pharynx

A

Uppermost part of the throat that branches into 2 parts, the larynx and the esophagus.

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17
Q

Larynx

A

the part of the throat that holds the vocal chords.

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18
Q

Trachea

A

Found between the Larynx and the lungs. Also called the windpipe.

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19
Q

Bronchi

A

Tubes that attach the lungs to the trachea

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20
Q

alveoli

A

tiny air filled sacs in the lungs that help with gas exchange

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21
Q

Digestive system

A

the organ system that breaks down the nutrients in your food into smaller molecules that can be used by your body.

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22
Q

Enzyme

A

a chemical that the body uses to break down large molecules into smaller molecules.

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23
Q

Esophagus

A

top part of the throat that moves food toward the stomach

24
Q

stomach

A

a muscular bag that crushes food and contains acids for breaking down food into chyme.

25
Q

small intestine

A

a muscular tube where most chemical digestion takes place and nutrients are absorbed.

26
Q

large intestine

A

a tube where water and leftover nutrients are absorbed.

27
Q

pancreas

A

makes fluids that break down food.

28
Q

liver

A

makes and releases bile, which breaks up large fat molecules into smaller molecules.

29
Q

excretory system

A

the organ system that eliminates wastes from the body.

30
Q

kindey

A

organ that filters and removes wastes from the blood.

31
Q

nephrons

A

the structure in the kidney that filters the blood

32
Q

urine

A

wastes filtered from the blood combined with water.

33
Q

nervous system

A

made of the structures that control the actions and reactions of the body.

34
Q

Brain

A

the body’s central command organ

35
Q

spinal cord

A

the part of the body that allows your brain to communicate with the rest of your body.

36
Q

Neuron

A

a cell that carries messages to and from your brain

37
Q

dendrite

A

the “arms” of the neuron that gathers information

38
Q

axon

A

the part of the neuron that sends out information

39
Q

endocrine system

A

maintains homeostasis by using hormones

40
Q

hormone

A

a chemical messenger of the endocrine system

41
Q

gland

A

a group of cells that make hormones

42
Q

egg

A

the female sex cell

43
Q

ovary

A

the reproductive organ that produces eggs

44
Q

uterus

A

the organ in which a fertilized egg can grow into a baby.

45
Q

embryo

A

what an egg becomes once its fertilized

46
Q

placenta

A

a network of blood vessels that provides the embryo with oxygen and nutrients.

47
Q

umbilical cord

A

what connects the embryo to the placenta

48
Q

fetus

A

What the embryo becomes after 10 weeks

49
Q

pathogen

A

an organism, virus, or a protein that causes disease.

50
Q

immune system

A

the tissues and blood cells that recognize and attack foreign substances in the body

51
Q

macrophage

A

a white blood cell that destroys pathogens by engulfing and digesting them.

52
Q

T cells

A

coordinate the body’s immune response

53
Q

B cells

A

make antibodies

54
Q

antibody

A

a specialized protein that destroys certain antigens (pathogens or foreign material)

55
Q

immunity

A

the ability to resist or recover from an infectious disease.

56
Q

vaccine

A

a substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens that is introduced into the body to promote immunity.

7th Science (8 decks)

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