Human Body: Orientation Part 2

Question 1

axial part of the body

Answer 1

head, neck, and trunk - basically the ‘main’ part of the body

Question 2

appendicular part

Answer 2

consists of appendages/limbs attached to body’s axis

Question 3

saggital plane

Answer 3

vertical plane that divides body into right and left
median/midsagittal plan is centered
parasagittal plane is offset from center
creates midsagittal/parasagittal cuts

Question 4

transverse plane

Answer 4

horizontal plane dividing body into superior and inferior parts.
also called cross section
creates transverse section

Question 5

frontal/coronal plane

Answer 5

vertical plane that divides body into posterior and anterior parts
creates frontal/coronal section

Question 6

superior / cranal

Answer 6

a direction - toward the head end/upper end of body/above

Question 7

inferior (caudal)

Answer 7

direction - away from head end/toward lower part of body/below

Question 8

anterior/ventral

Answer 8

direction

toward/at front of body/in front of

Question 9

posterior/dorsal

Answer 9

direction

toward the back of the body/behind

Question 10

medial

Answer 10

direction

toward the midline of body / on inner side of

Question 11

lateral

Answer 11

direction

away from midline/on outer side of

Question 12

intermediate

Answer 12

direction

between a more medial and more lateral structure

Question 13

proximal

Answer 13

direction

closer to the origin of the body part/point of attachment of limb to trunk

Question 14

distal

Answer 14

direction

farther from the origin of body (trunk)

Question 15

superficial

Answer 15

direction

external. toward or at body surface

Question 16

deep

Answer 16

direction

internal. away from body surface, more internal

Question 17

dorsal body cavity

Answer 17

includes cranial (brain) and vertebral cavity (spinal cord)

Question 18

ventral body cavity

Answer 18

includes thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity

all organs in this cavity are known as viscera/visceral organs

Question 19

thoracic cavity

Answer 19

divided into:
pleural cavity - lateral cavities each envelope a lung
mediastinum, the mediastinum contains the pericardial cavity, which encloses the heart and surround remaining thoracic organs

Question 20

abdominopelvic cavity

Answer 20

made of :
abdominal cavity, that contains stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and others.
pelvic cavity, that contains urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and rectum

Question 21

diaphragm

Answer 21

dome-shaped muscle important in breathing and separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 22

serosa/serous membrane

Answer 22

thin, double-layered membrane that cover the walls of the ventral body cavity (this part is called parietal serosa) and outer surfaces of the organs (called the visceral serosa) within the cavity and in contact with organs.

Question 23

serous fluid

Answer 23

thin layer of lubricating fluid that is in between the layers of the serous membrane. Allow organs to move (reducing friction)

Question 24

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Answer 24

when a transverse and median plane cross through umbilicus at right angles you get a RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, and LLQ

Question 25

(9) Abdominopelvic Regions

Answer 25

formed from 2 transverse and 2 parasigittal planes.
at the center is the umbilical region, above that is the epigastric region. Below umbilical is hypogastric region. Lateral to hypogastric is right and left iliac/inguinal regions. Laterial to umbilical is right and life lumbar regions. Lateral to epigastric is right and left hypochondriac regions

Question 26

parietal serosa

Answer 26

the part of the serosa membrane that lines the walls of ventral body cavity

Question 27

visceral serosa

Answer 27

part of the serosa membrane that covers the internal organs of the ventral body cavity

Question 28

parietal and visceral pericardium

Answer 28

parietal pericardium - lines the pericardial cavity

visceral pericardium - covers the heart within pericardial cavity

Question 29

visceral and parietal pleura

Answer 29

parietal pleura - covers inside of thoracic cavity

visceral pleura - covers the lungs

Question 30

parietal and visceral peritoneum

Answer 30

parietal peritoneum - lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity
visceral peritoneum - covers most of the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity

Question 31

The smaller cavities of the body

Answer 31

• oral & digestive
• nasal
• orbital (in the skull house the eyes)
• middle ear cavities (in skull, medial to ear drums)
• synovial cavities (joint cavities)

^all of these minus synovial are exposed to outside environment

Question 32

supine position

Answer 32

The body lying horizontally flat on the back, with the face and torso facing up (gazing at the ceiling).

Question 33

prone position

Answer 33

The body lying flat on the stomach with face facing down (looking at the floor).

Question 34

contralateral

Answer 34

(directional term): opposite side

Question 35

ipsilateral

Answer 35

directional term; same side

Question 36

Cephalic Region

Answer 36

• pertaining to the head

- subdivided into cranial and facial

Question 37

cervical region

Answer 37

-pertaining to the neck

Question 38

torso (trunk) region

Answer 38

-subdivided into containing thoracic (chest), abdominal, pelvic, anterior (front) & posterior (back)

Question 39

upper limb region

Answer 39

-subdivided into the shoulder, brachial (arm), and manus (hand)

Question 40

Lower limb region

Answer 40

subdivided into:

• femoral - thigh
• crural - leg
• tarsal - ankle
• pedal - foot
• coxal - hip
• patellar (knee)
• popliteal - behind the knee
• sural - calf
• fibular/peroneal - outside of lower leg

Question 41

pleurisy

Answer 41

inflammation of the pleurae serosa