Human Biology (Tissues and Nutrients) Flashcards
What are tissues and the types?
A group of specialised cells working together to perform a specific function.
4 types:
- Epithelial
- Muscle (3 types)
- Connective (Many types)
- Nervous
What is Epithelial Tissue? (FSL/E)
Function: Tissue that covers and lines parts of the body.
Structure: Small cells closely grouped together.
Shapes: Thin, flat, cube, or column-shaped.
Locations/Examples: Lines the outside and inside of hearts, kidneys, and intestines.
3 types of muscular tissue?
3 types of muscular tissue:
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
Skeletal Muscle Tissue (FSL/E)
Function: Can contract and relax to create “voluntary” movement
Structure: Striated, or striped, so they’re often called striated muscle
Location/Example: Skeletal muscle found at biceps, and triceps.
Smooth Muscular Tissue (FSL/E)
Function: Can contract and relax for “involuntary” movement, when your body processes functions.
Structure: Non-striated, and smooth.
Location/Examples: Blood vessels
Cardiac Muscle Tissue (FSL/E)
Function: Can contract and relax for involuntary movements of the heart.
Structure: Striated
Locations/Examples: Lining of the heart. (Only on the heart)
Connective Tissue (FSL/E)
Function: Tissue that supports, protects and gives structure to other tissues and organs in the body.
Shape: Cells are not close together, separated by non-cellular material called a matrix.
Location/Examples: Tendons and Ligaments
Nervous Tissue (FSL/E)
Function: Transmit electrical signals around the body.
Structure: Made of neurons with long axons and dendrites.
Location/Example: Brain, Spinal cord, peripheral nervous throughout the body.
What is a nutrient
Any substance that is used by your body for growth, repair, or maintaining of the body. All contain carbon so are considered organic compounds.
7 types of nutrients:
- Water
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids
- Nucleic Acid
- Minerals
- Vitamins
Carbohydrates (F-SU-S-CS)
Function: Broken down to release energy and is an energy source for the body.
Smallest Unit: Monosaccharides (simple sugars; i.e. glucose)
Disaccharides are two simple sugars (i.e sucrose)
Polysaccharides are multiple sugars (i.e glycogen)
Sources: Starches (potatoes), grains or cereals.
Chemical Structure: Hexagonal carbon chains with oxygen and hydrogen.
Lipids (F-SU-S-CS)
Function: To insulate and protect the body’s vital organs. Also used as long-term energy storage.
Simplest Unit: Fatty acids and glycerol.
Sources: Fatty meals, fish, cheese, nuts and seeds.
Chemical Structure: 1 molecule of glycerol and 1-3 long fatty acid carbon chains.
Proteins (F-SU-S-CS)
Function: Aid in structure and are a reserve energy source.
Simplest Unit: Amino Acids
Sources: Lean meats, lentils, eggs.
Chemical Structure: long chains of amino acids that are joined by peptide bonds.
Polypeptide is a substance made of many amino acids and peptide bonds.
Structure of proteins (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary)
Primary: A long chain of amino acids.
Secondary: A folded structure that forms within the chains.
Tertiary: Folding of the chain into an overall 3-dimensional structure.
Quaternary: Multiple 3D chains.
Nucleic Acid (F-SU-S-CS)
Function: Store genetic information
Simplest Unit: Nucleotides
Source: Organ meats, liver, seafood.
Chemical Structure: Sugar, phosphate backbone, nitrogen base
