Human Biology (The cell and organelles)

Question 1

What is a cell

Answer 1

The smallest unit of structure and function in a living organism.

Question 2

What is a tissue

Answer 2

A group of similar cells working together to perform specific function.

Question 3

What is an organ

Answer 3

A group of similar tissues working together to perform a specific function.

Question 4

What is an organ system

Answer 4

A group of similar organs working together to perform a specific function.

Question 5

What is an organism

Answer 5

A group of organ systems working together.

Question 6

What is the cell theory

Answer 6

(1) All Living things are made of cells.

(2) All cells come from preexisting cells.

(3) All cells are the smallest unit of structure in an organism.

Question 7

Organelles

Answer 7

Small structures inside the cell that carry out specific functions.

Question 8

Mitochondrion(a)

Answer 8

Spherical or elongated structures that are responsible for forming some of the energy for the cell through respiration.

Question 9

Centriole

Answer 9

Attached to spindles during the process of cellular reproduction. Responsible for forming the spindle fibres.

Question 10

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 10

The network of channels formed by the parallel membranes. It is thought that the ER provides a surface for chemical reactions, while the channels are for storing or transporting molecules.

Question 11

Cell Membrane

Answer 11

Made up of a double layer of phospholipid molecules and associated proteins. Determines the substances that enter and leave the cell.

Question 12

Lysosome

Answer 12

Small spheres that contain enzymes. Break down materials that are taken into the cell or break down worn-out organelles.

Question 13

Ribosomes

Answer 13

Very small and spherical. Amino acids are joined together at the ribososmes.

Question 14

Golgi Body

Answer 14

Flattened membranous bags stacked on top of each other. Proteins are modified and packaged in vesicles that are secreted from the cell.

Question 15

Nucleus

Answer 15

Ovoid and spherical in shape. Contains genetic material usually DNA, and is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear membrane.

Question 16

Nucleolous

Answer 16

Ribosome synthesis occurs here. DNA and nucleolous are suspended in a jelly-like nucleoplasm.

Question 17

Nuclear Pore

Answer 17

Allow large molecules, such as messenger RNA, to enter and leave the nucleus.

Question 18

Nucleoplasm

Answer 18

Jelly-like fluid in the nucleus.

Question 19

Vesicle

Answer 19

A membrane-bound sac that transports materials into, out of, or within the cell.

Question 20

Cytoplasm

Answer 20

Entire contents of the cell (Cytosol and cell organelles)

Question 21

Cytosol

Answer 21

Liquid portion of the cytoplasm

Question 22

Microtubules

Answer 22

Hollow rods that keep organelles in place or move them around the cell.

Question 23

Microfilaments

Answer 23

Move materials around cytoplasm or moves the whole cell

Question 24

Cilia

Answer 24

Tiny hair-like projections on the surface of the cell. Help the cell move or swim through substances like mucus (e.g. cells in trachea)

Question 25

Flagella

Answer 25

Long whip-like projection used to move the cell. (e.g. sperm cells)

Question 26

Cellular Inclusions

Answer 26

Chemical Substances that are not part of the cell structure but are found in the cytoplasm. e.g. pigments in skin cells.