Human bio chapter 6 Flashcards
three functions of blood in human body
transportation, defense, and regulation
formed elements of the blood
produced in red bone marrow,
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
describe composition of plasma
91% water and 9% salts,
solutes help maintain osmotic pressure
(salts act as a buffer)
3 types of plasma proteins
Albumins, Globulins, and Fibrinogen
why is the plasma, albumins important
help from blood leaking from vessel
why is the plasma, globulins important
help fight infections, and transports molecules in blood
why is the plasma, fibrinogen important
its inactive, but when activated it forms blood clots
how do RBCs transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
RBCs are specialized for oxygen transport, they contain protein (hemoglobin) and will bind to oxygen and iron groups
structure of RBC how its well suited for gas transport
no nucleus, shape allows them to squeeze through small capillaries and maximize surface area
function of white blood cells
(leukocytes) fight infections
granular leukocyte
Neutrophil, Esoihophil, Basophil
agranular leukocyte
Lymphocyte, monocyte
disorders with WBS
leukemia- a group of cancers that affect blood and bone marrow
structure and function: Neutrophils
Comes from Myeloblasts
contains granules
phagocytizes pathogens
structure and function: Lymphocytes:
comes from lymphoblasts
active in specific immunity
structure and function: Monocytes
comes from monoblasts
becomes a large phagocyte
structure and function: Eosinophils
comes from myeloblasts
contains granules
active in allergies and worm infections
structure and function: Basophils
comes from myeloblasts
contains granules
releases histamine
relationship of leukemia and white blood cells
leukemia begins in bone marrow, where while blood cells are produced. and impacts body’s immune response and overall health
blood clotting relating to homeostasis
preventing absurd blood loss, response to injury, systemic regulation,
steps of formation of a blood clot
1) blood vessel is punctured
2) platelets congregate and form plug
3) platelets and damaged tissue cells release prothrombin activator, which initiates a cascade of enzyme reactions
4) Fibrin threads form and trap RBCs
disorders associated with blood clotting
Thrombocytopenia- too few platelets
Thromboembolism- when thrombus (stationary clot), forms, travels (embolism) and plugs other vessel
Hemophilia A and B- genetic deficiencies of a clotting factor
components of blood involved in forming a blood clot
platelets, clotting factors, Fibrinogen
stages of blood clotting
stages of blood clotting work in concert to prevent excessive bleeding and facilitate healing.
what determines blood types in humans
proteins w/ carbohydrates attached pm the surface of RBCs
summarize role of Rh factor in hemolytic disease of a newborn
blood cells can leak from fetus into mother causing mother to get sick
list 4 types of blood
A, B, AB, O
who can a donor with type blood A donate to?
type A and AB
how does the cardiovascular system interact with other body systems to maintain homeostasis
works with all other organ systems to maintain bodys needs
how does the cardiovascular system maintain homeostasis
interstitial fluid originates from blood plasma and is absorbed by lymphatic capillaries, becoming lymph
