Human animal interaction Flashcards
five types of social relationships
-exchange, cooperation, coercion, conflict, cometition
social behaviour and communication between humans and sheep (prey)
-is the relationship just predator vs prey
-tests on the effect of animal type on brain activation in sheep
-examined what neurons were active when sheep looked at another sheep, dog, human
-same neurons for the dog and humans, different for sheep
social behaviour and communication between animals in close contact like companion animals
-may have a similar relationship to conspecies
-a very social relationship
-affiliate behaviour, dominance relationships
humans developing dominance over animals
-dom within species in the animal kingdom
-humans may need to achieve dominance due to:
-safely handling animals
-cattle aggression towards humans: often interpreted as their attempt to exert dominance
what is a social relationship
some form of interaction between two animals
examples of animals demonstrating social behaviour with humans
-human reared dogs
-human reared lambs
-young calves play with human handlers
-dogs gazing and vocalizing
-horses recognizing voices
what can humans provide to a hand reared lamb
-comfort
-human reared lambs vocalize less
communication between animals and humans is not to be confused with
-Training of an animal
-operant training, for example, where something happens on receiving a treat
communication between sheepdogs and shepherds
-no consistent acoustic structure
-make the dog move: rapid, short repeated calls increasing in frequency
-make the dog stop: single prolonged note of decreasing frequency
-so the frequency affects the animal arousal
if a social relationship with a person then…
The animal must be able to to recognize individual people meaning it has memory and recognition
cues for recognition in cattle
-vision is important (limited colour vision)
-dominance among cattle (controlled by smell)
-control of food sources (vision and smell)
-maternal recognition (visual and smell)
-human identification
-but there are breed differences
cues for recognition in dairy cattle vs beef cows
-dairy cows discriminate between 2 handlers wearing different clothes but not the same two when wearing the same clothes
-could identify familiar and unfamiliar people even with changes of clothes
cues for recognition in sheep
-visual animals
-can recognize photos
-slides of their own breed and others less fear with their own breed
-sheep can recognize individual sheep based on facial cues
-mother and lambs use acoustic recognition and smell
-possible that sheep recognize facial features of humans
-bottle fed lambs vocalized less in the presence of familiar humans but not in the presence of their voices
cues for recognition in pigs
-use visual, olfactory, and acoustic signals to recognize eachother
-it was found that pigs could use all or one of these signals to recognize familiar handlers
-poorer performance if one of these were blocked
-could still recognize people if same clothes
cues for social recognition in dogs
-dominantly use olfactory to identify specific humans
cues for social recognition in cats
-likely rely on vision and olfactory cues
-appear to not recognize human faces
-can recognize cat faces
what influences the responces of farm animals to people
-Genetics (select to reduce fear)
-breed differences (ie. differences in cattle, sheep, poultry breeds)
-learning (good handing experiences, amount of them, and time of them)
why does learning influence the response of farm animals to humans: mechanism 1
-habituation
-animals are neophobic (weary and fearful of stimuli)
Habituation occurs when no negative consequences occur
-dishabituation can occur when interactions disappear for a long time
why does learning influence the response of farm animals to humans: mechanism 2
-response altered through classical conditioning or associative learning
-associate people with reward or punishment
-Pigs, cattle, and sheep have all domesticated learning to approach people on reward
-does this reduce fear? yes possibly
what can be used as rewards
-releasing pressure
-pets
-praising
why does learning influence the response of farm animals to humans: mechanism 3
-imprinting
-occurs rapidly during the sensitive period of life
-doesn’t require a food reinforcement
-irreversible
-some have used this term to describe young animals which have received high exposures to humans developed an association with humans
imprinting
-length of critical period of “bonding” with humans varies
-lambs: first 2 days after birth more effective then 10 days
-horses: 7 days
-cattle: confusing 0-9 months more effective than 0-3 months or 6-9 months (not really sure)
-cant find a specific time in poultry but most likely early in life
conclusion of this lecuture
-not just a predator-prey relationship
-likely a social relationship
-ability of people to:
-Provide social rewards
-social support
-to insert humans into the social system of animals
-some fundamental communication
