Freedom of movement Flashcards
five freedoms regarding movement
-freedom to express normal behaviour by providing sufficient space, proper facilities, and company of the animal’s own kind
-bramble: an animals should atleast have suffincent freedom of movement to be able without difficulty, to turn around, groom itself, get up, lie down and stretch its limbs
what are the benefits seen when the 5 freedoms are followed
-gives the animal control of environment (physical and psychological benefits)
-allows fulfillment of behavioural needs (behavioural expression, social interaction)
-maintains better physical condition
what are some things to consider for housing
-cost of systems
-cost of conversion (consumer pays for it)
-ease of management
-handling skills
-automation
-hygiene, manure management
-food safety
-animal health
what is a NEED vs a need
-animal NEEDS food and water
-proximate needs are less evident and less critical
if a behaviour is important:
-restricting it should have a negative result (frustration, boredom, depression, psychosis)
-allowing it should have positive result (superior health, productivity)
to determine if doing a behaviour influences welfare we need to understand…
-the motivation behind the behaviour
-what will cause it to start?/what causes it to stop?
-do they need to perform the behaviour, or do they want the consequence
(i.e. do they need to forage if we give them food, do they dig if we give then a tunnel)
different kinds of motivations
-internally motivated
-externally motivated
-and internal and external
externally motivated behaviour
-motivation to perform the behaviour is controlled by environmental cues
-providing the result satisfies/extinguishes the motivation
internally motivated behaviours
-motivation is internally controlled
-only doing the behaviour will reduce the motivation
originally it was though that most behaviours are controlled externally is this still the case
-no have since found that many behaviours are internally motivated
-i.e. feed the cat; still hunts
-appetitive and consummatory phases are separate activities
where are stereotypies commonly seen
-commonly seen in restrictive environments
-need to understand what turns a behaviour on/off to understand the effect of restricting behaviour
Hughes and Duncan model
-animal is motivated to perform activity X
-cant reach/satisfy consummatory phase
-repeated behaviour of appetitive behaviour
-pos feedback loop (app beh->stimulates motivation)
-loop becomes separated from consummatory behaviour
-model is consistent with many stereotypies
do gerbils need to dig
-an example of externally motivation
-caged gerbils show digging behaviour starting at day 24 of age
-duration increases: adults spend up to 22% of active time in stereotypic digging
-providing a larger cage does not inhibit digging
-digging was significantly reduced by providing a tunnel
-therefore a lack of burrow induces the development of stereotypic digging
gerbils digging and huges and Duncan model
-gerbils are looking for a burrow
-motivated to dig ‘appetitive’ behaviour
-in absence of an appropriate substrate the goal ( a burrow) is not achieved (entering burrow=consummatory behaviour)
-digging persists and becomes stereotypic
-behaviour continues when burrow is provided
-appet and cons are separate
-known as ‘emancipation’
do calves need to suck
-example of internally motivated behaviour
-in absence of dam, calves will cross suck or suck on pen fittings if not given a teat
-stimulated by consumption of milk
-calves often bucket fed, no teat provided (faster, cleaner)
-leads to problems with cross sucking in groups (injuries, urine drinking)
-sucking led to greater insulin and CCK levels, better digestion and increased satiety, heart rate also lower with teat feeding vs bucket
-in the case of sucking the behaviour is directly linked to physiological needs
do chickens need to dust bathe
-internally and externally motivated
-thought to improve feather condition, reduce paracites
-internal triggers:
-has circadian rhythm (high in day light/low in dark)
-if restricted motivation increases
-even performed in layer cages
-external triggers:
-warmer temps
-presence of suitable substrate ie sand
-high light levels
-social facilitation (group behaviour
-degree of motivation changes over time
-final model for dust bathing is a ‘tank’ (motivation) gated by circadian pacemaker
