Human and Physical Geo Flashcards
What is matauranga?
Traditional Maori knowledge
What is the definition of site?
The exact location of a place
What is the definition of a situation?
The location relative to other places
What is the definition of a region?
Areas defined by distinctive characteristics
What is concentration?
Distance between things
What is density?
number of things per KM
What is distance decay?
Effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions
What is the difference between area and spatial analysis?
Area: Integrates the geographic features of an area or place
Spatial analysis: Interactions among places
What is a formal region?
Essential uniformity in one or more physical characteristics
What is a functional region?
Interactions among places
What is a Vernacular region?
Widespread population perception
What is contiguous diffusion?
Occurs from one place to another through direct contract
What is hireachical diffusion?
Contact up and down a country
What is the difference between conformal and equal area maps?
Conformal: Distort size but preserves the size
Equal area: Preserve size but distorts the shape
What is physical geo?
Examines the physical land and processes that affect them
What is a key factor contributing to population growth that was initiated in the early 20th century?
The industrial revolution
What is the largest factor contributing to population growth?
Biological factors -fertility rate, age distribution
Two words: population and birth rate
Which one is increasing and/or decreasing?
Birth rate: decreasing
Population: increasing
How many children will there be in 2050 if there are 2 billion children now?
2 billion
What are some important social, political and economic factors contributing to population growth?
Global warming, infrastructure, emmigration.
Government policies
Role of women
What is the DTM?
Demographic Transition Model.
It describes pop growth
What happens in stage 1 of the DTM?
Pre-industrial society
A lot of birth, A lot of death
What happens in stage 2 of the DTM?
Industrial revolution - death rate decline
Social conditions improve, the Birth rate is still high due to old attitudes
What happens in stage 3 of the DTM?
Further improvement in all aspects of life
Urbanization, more education and employment available
What happens in stage 4 of the DTM?
Birth rates drop and match death rates, total population is high and stable
What happens in the new, stage 5 of the DTM?
Birth rates drop below death rates due to government policies and economic standing
What are some ways of decreasing birth rates in the future?
Improved health care to reduce mortality
Changing attitudes about family planning
Education of women
What are two reasons why populations are changing?
Population dynamics, Migration
What is a cartogram?
A map which displays countries the size of their populations
What is Arthritimitic density?
Number of people per unit of area
What is physiological density?
Number of people per unit of crop land
What is carrying capacity?
Maximum number of people that land can sustain
What do crude rates measure?
per 100,000 people
What does the epidemiological transition explain?
The curve of death rates
What is a positive check?
Premature Death
What is a preventative check?
Human choices to limit reproduction
What did Paul Elnrich advocate?
immediate action against the threat of population change
What did Thomas Malfus uncover?
People will outgrow the land. Food grows linearly. Population grows exponentially.
Carry Capacity?
Provides resources that people need
Overshoot?
Using more resources than the planet can provide
Ecological Footprint?
Impact of a person on the environment
What is the IPAT equation?
A measure to quantify human impact
What are the multiples of the IPAT equation?
Population x Affluence X Technology
What are the staples of emerging economies?
Increased GDP and consumption per person
How many earths do humans need?
1.7 earth’s
