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Geography 114 > Human and Physical Geo > Flashcards

Human and Physical Geo Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matauranga?

A

Traditional Maori knowledge

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2
Q

What is the definition of site?

A

The exact location of a place

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3
Q

What is the definition of a situation?

A

The location relative to other places

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4
Q

What is the definition of a region?

A

Areas defined by distinctive characteristics

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5
Q

What is concentration?

A

Distance between things

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6
Q

What is density?

A

number of things per KM

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7
Q

What is distance decay?

A

Effect of distance on cultural or spatial interactions

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8
Q

What is the difference between area and spatial analysis?

A

Area: Integrates the geographic features of an area or place

Spatial analysis: Interactions among places

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9
Q

What is a formal region?

A

Essential uniformity in one or more physical characteristics

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10
Q

What is a functional region?

A

Interactions among places

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11
Q

What is a Vernacular region?

A

Widespread population perception

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12
Q

What is contiguous diffusion?

A

Occurs from one place to another through direct contract

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13
Q

What is hireachical diffusion?

A

Contact up and down a country

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14
Q

What is the difference between conformal and equal area maps?

A

Conformal: Distort size but preserves the size

Equal area: Preserve size but distorts the shape

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15
Q

What is physical geo?

A

Examines the physical land and processes that affect them

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16
Q

What is a key factor contributing to population growth that was initiated in the early 20th century?

A

The industrial revolution

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17
Q

What is the largest factor contributing to population growth?

A

Biological factors -fertility rate, age distribution

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18
Q

Two words: population and birth rate

Which one is increasing and/or decreasing?

A

Birth rate: decreasing

Population: increasing

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19
Q

How many children will there be in 2050 if there are 2 billion children now?

A

2 billion

20
Q

What are some important social, political and economic factors contributing to population growth?

A

Global warming, infrastructure, emmigration.
Government policies
Role of women

21
Q

What is the DTM?

A

Demographic Transition Model.

It describes pop growth

22
Q

What happens in stage 1 of the DTM?

A

Pre-industrial society

A lot of birth, A lot of death

23
Q

What happens in stage 2 of the DTM?

A

Industrial revolution - death rate decline

Social conditions improve, the Birth rate is still high due to old attitudes

24
Q

What happens in stage 3 of the DTM?

A

Further improvement in all aspects of life

Urbanization, more education and employment available

25
Q

What happens in stage 4 of the DTM?

A

Birth rates drop and match death rates, total population is high and stable

26
Q

What happens in the new, stage 5 of the DTM?

A

Birth rates drop below death rates due to government policies and economic standing

27
Q

What are some ways of decreasing birth rates in the future?

A

Improved health care to reduce mortality
Changing attitudes about family planning
Education of women

28
Q

What are two reasons why populations are changing?

A

Population dynamics, Migration

29
Q

What is a cartogram?

A

A map which displays countries the size of their populations

30
Q

What is Arthritimitic density?

A

Number of people per unit of area

31
Q

What is physiological density?

A

Number of people per unit of crop land

32
Q

What is carrying capacity?

A

Maximum number of people that land can sustain

33
Q

What do crude rates measure?

A

per 100,000 people

34
Q

What does the epidemiological transition explain?

A

The curve of death rates

35
Q

What is a positive check?

A

Premature Death

36
Q

What is a preventative check?

A

Human choices to limit reproduction

37
Q

What did Paul Elnrich advocate?

A

immediate action against the threat of population change

38
Q

What did Thomas Malfus uncover?

A

People will outgrow the land. Food grows linearly. Population grows exponentially.

39
Q

Carry Capacity?

A

Provides resources that people need

40
Q

Overshoot?

A

Using more resources than the planet can provide

41
Q

Ecological Footprint?

A

Impact of a person on the environment

42
Q

What is the IPAT equation?

A

A measure to quantify human impact

43
Q

What are the multiples of the IPAT equation?

A

Population x Affluence X Technology

44
Q

What are the staples of emerging economies?

A

Increased GDP and consumption per person

45
Q

How many earths do humans need?

A

1.7 earth’s

Geography 114 (6 decks)

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