19, 20 Flashcards
What is the best city to live in?
Vienna
What is the predicted global percentage of people living in urban centres in 2050?
71%
Why do people head to cities?
Education, Employment. Economic Development. Immigration increase
What is the urban form?
Distribution of land use and activities within cities
What is urban form influenced by?
Ecibinucm Social and government
Whats an example of a functional region?
People work in the CBD but live in the suburbs
What is sprawl?
Dispersed urban form
What are social factors influencing urban form?
Religion, Social aspects / privileges, immigration
What are economic factors influencing urban form?
Zoning restrictions, Land use laws, Accessibility production/reform
What do cities need as they grow?
More transport, jobs, public spaces
What did Jane Jacobs realize?
That urban developers were making cities for businesses, not people
What is an example of a vernacular region in Wellington?
The golden mile.
What are the two factors that make up urban form?
Environment AND activities
What are the three sectors of the economy?
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary?
What are the three sectors of economy known for?
Primary - Getting the ingredients
Secondary - forming the product
Tertiary - selling the product
What is the GDP?
The total value of all goods and services produced in a country. This affects how well a country is doing
What is capitalism?
The pursuit of wealth. Trades industries are controlled by private traders.
What is a market failure?
The inefficient distribution of goods and services
What is a market failure?
environmental problems - ie. global warming
What is emissions trading?
Countries have set quotas on carbon emissions. To exceed these a country must buy permits from other countries. There should be an incentive to invest in more green technologies but there isn’t
Why didn’t emissions trading work?
1 unit = two tonnes of emissions
Overseas permits are cheap
Agriculture is not included in the bill so this hurt NZ
What is the carbon tax? How does it work?
A tax on carbon usage. An increased carbon price decreases its demand and decreases total carbon emissions
What is the way forward in terms of growth?
It should occur within ecological limits
What is the human development index?
An index which looks at the growth in the light of education, income, and life span
How do we lower planetary usage?
Use local producers, share more, walk more
What is now widely looked at as the three areas of growth?
Economy, Environment, Society
What is sequestration?
C is removed from the atmosphere
What is the green house effect?
The atmosphere is transparent to shortwave light but not long wave light. This type is emitted from the earth and is trapped, warming the earth
What contributes to variability in carbon being emitted into the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis, Respiration, Morning, Evening
What plan is the only way t save our planet?
2CIP plan
What is the kyoto protocol?
Measure to reduce net emissions
What is the Paris COP?
Measure to reduce emissions down to 1.5 degrees above industrial levels
Which green house gas lasts the longest / Has the greatest effect in the short term?
CO2 and CH4
How many cars would need to be electric to meet the zero carbon bill?
95%
What are incremental and transformation adaptations?
Incremental: Small changes
Transformational: fundamental changes to biophysical, economic or social systems
What % of americans do not believe that climate change is a real issue?
37%
What is optimism bias?
The belief that compared to other people you are more likely to experience positive events, not negative events
What is spatial bias?
Climate change is far away in terms of location
What is temporal bias?
People plan for the short term and not the long term
What is confirmation bias?
People seek out information that confirms their own biases
What are some factors that influence positions on an issue?
Political views, social views, economy
