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Geography 114 > 19, 20 > Flashcards

19, 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the best city to live in?

A

Vienna

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2
Q

What is the predicted global percentage of people living in urban centres in 2050?

A

71%

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3
Q

Why do people head to cities?

A

Education, Employment. Economic Development. Immigration increase

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4
Q

What is the urban form?

A

Distribution of land use and activities within cities

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5
Q

What is urban form influenced by?

A

Ecibinucm Social and government

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6
Q

Whats an example of a functional region?

A

People work in the CBD but live in the suburbs

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7
Q

What is sprawl?

A

Dispersed urban form

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8
Q

What are social factors influencing urban form?

A

Religion, Social aspects / privileges, immigration

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9
Q

What are economic factors influencing urban form?

A

Zoning restrictions, Land use laws, Accessibility production/reform

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10
Q

What do cities need as they grow?

A

More transport, jobs, public spaces

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11
Q

What did Jane Jacobs realize?

A

That urban developers were making cities for businesses, not people

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12
Q

What is an example of a vernacular region in Wellington?

A

The golden mile.

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13
Q

What are the two factors that make up urban form?

A

Environment AND activities

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14
Q

What are the three sectors of the economy?

A

Primary, Secondary, Tertiary?

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15
Q

What are the three sectors of economy known for?

A

Primary - Getting the ingredients
Secondary - forming the product
Tertiary - selling the product

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16
Q

What is the GDP?

A

The total value of all goods and services produced in a country. This affects how well a country is doing

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17
Q

What is capitalism?

A

The pursuit of wealth. Trades industries are controlled by private traders.

18
Q

What is a market failure?

A

The inefficient distribution of goods and services

19
Q

What is a market failure?

A

environmental problems - ie. global warming

20
Q

What is emissions trading?

A

Countries have set quotas on carbon emissions. To exceed these a country must buy permits from other countries. There should be an incentive to invest in more green technologies but there isn’t

21
Q

Why didn’t emissions trading work?

A

1 unit = two tonnes of emissions
Overseas permits are cheap
Agriculture is not included in the bill so this hurt NZ

22
Q

What is the carbon tax? How does it work?

A

A tax on carbon usage. An increased carbon price decreases its demand and decreases total carbon emissions

23
Q

What is the way forward in terms of growth?

A

It should occur within ecological limits

24
Q

What is the human development index?

A

An index which looks at the growth in the light of education, income, and life span

25
Q

How do we lower planetary usage?

A

Use local producers, share more, walk more

26
Q

What is now widely looked at as the three areas of growth?

A

Economy, Environment, Society

27
Q

What is sequestration?

A

C is removed from the atmosphere

28
Q

What is the green house effect?

A

The atmosphere is transparent to shortwave light but not long wave light. This type is emitted from the earth and is trapped, warming the earth

29
Q

What contributes to variability in carbon being emitted into the atmosphere?

A

Photosynthesis, Respiration, Morning, Evening

30
Q

What plan is the only way t save our planet?

A

2CIP plan

31
Q

What is the kyoto protocol?

A

Measure to reduce net emissions

32
Q

What is the Paris COP?

A

Measure to reduce emissions down to 1.5 degrees above industrial levels

33
Q

Which green house gas lasts the longest / Has the greatest effect in the short term?

A

CO2 and CH4

34
Q

How many cars would need to be electric to meet the zero carbon bill?

A

95%

35
Q

What are incremental and transformation adaptations?

A

Incremental: Small changes
Transformational: fundamental changes to biophysical, economic or social systems

36
Q

What % of americans do not believe that climate change is a real issue?

A

37%

37
Q

What is optimism bias?

A

The belief that compared to other people you are more likely to experience positive events, not negative events

38
Q

What is spatial bias?

A

Climate change is far away in terms of location

39
Q

What is temporal bias?

A

People plan for the short term and not the long term

40
Q

What is confirmation bias?

A

People seek out information that confirms their own biases

41
Q

What are some factors that influence positions on an issue?

A

Political views, social views, economy

Geography 114 (6 decks)

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